Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Rare and Common Orchids Focusing on the Korean Peninsula: Implications for Conservation

Effect of historical factors on genetic variation in three terrestrial Cephalanthera species (Orchidaceae) with different breeding system on the Korean Peninsula

“…The genetic monomorphism seen in Korean C. erecta and C. falcata thus suggests that the contemporary populations have been established relatively recently by a single introduction event from an ancestral population, possibly located either in southern Japan or in southern China. A very similar pattern has been found in other warm-temperate plant species on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, including six orchid species (reviewed by Chung et al 2018), the sundew Drosera peltata Thunb. var.…”

“…Scacchi et al (1991) examined levels of genetic diversity in the three-abovementioned species from central Italy and found contrasting levels of genetic diversity. The authors found no allozyme variation across 13 populations of C. damasonium, but moderate levels (compared to other orchids; Table 1 in Chung et al 2018) of genetic variation in three populations of C. longifolia and in seven populations of C. rubra (Table 1). Micheneau et al (2010), using plastid microsatellite loci, examined genetic variability in the three Cephalanthera species across Europe and obtained similar results: only one haplotypes in C. damasonium, eight haplotypes in C. longifolia, and nine in C. rubra.…”

Genetic diversity in the endangered terrestrial orchid Cypripedium japonicum in East Asia: Insights into population history and implications for conservation

“…japonicum . A recent meta-analysis of allozyme-based population genetic studies in orchids also revealed that “rare” taxa harbor significantly lower levels of genetic diversity than their “common” congeners (at the population level, percentage of polymorphic loci, %P P = 46.7% vs. 23.6%; H EP = 0.154 vs. 0.065 and at the species level, %P S = 63.8% vs. 30.4%; H ES = 0.190 vs. 0.072) 38 . One of the exceptions was C .…”

Lack of allozyme variation in the two carnivorous, terrestrial herbs Utricularia bifida and Utricularia caerulea (Lentibulariaceae) co-occurring on wetlands in South Korea: Inference of population history

“…In addition to the two Utricularia species studied herein, up to six orchid species (Habenaria dentata, Liparis pterosepala, Oreorchis coreana, Pecteilis radiata, Peristylus densus, and Tipularia japonica), plus the sundew Drosera peltata var. nipponica (Table 1) have a series of common features: (1) they are warmtemperate elements in East Asia (i.e., southern Korean Peninsula is one of their northern limits), (2) they are rare within the peninsula (suggesting that the occurrence of these species in Korea might be the result of a rare event of longdistance seed dispersal), and (3) they have tiny, dust-like seeds (indicating a potential for long-distance dispersal) (reviewed in Chung et al, 2017b).…”

“…The other five orchid species listed in Chung et al (2012). Mi Yoon Chung, Jordi López-Pujol and Myong Gi Chung (Chung et al, 2017b), and are also rare on the Korean Peninsula (except for L. kumokiri). We assume that these boreal and/or temperate orchid species, although likely managed to persist in situ on the Korean Peninsula at the LGM, would have done just in some favorable enclaves (microrefugia; Rull, 2009) (see Chung et al, 2017aChung et al, , 2017b.…”