Patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood populations in East and southern Africa

Abstract

Genetic diversity and differentiation within and among nine G. morsitans morsitans populations from East and southern Africa was assessed by examining variation at seven microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial locus, cytochrome oxidase (COI). Mean COI diversity within populations was 0.63+/-0.33 and 0.81 taken over all populations. Diversities averaged over microsatellite loci were high (mean number of alleles/locus>or=7.4; mean HE>or=65%) in all populations. Diversities averaged across populations were greater in East Africa (mean number of alleles=22+/-2.6; mean he=0.773+/-0.033) than in southern Africa (mean number of alleles=18.7+/-4.0; mean he=0.713+/-0.072). Differentiation among all populations was highly significant (RST=0.25, FST=0.132). Nei's Gij statistics were 0.09 and 0.19 within regions for microsatellites and mitochondria, respectively; between regions, Gij was 0.14 for microsatellites and 0.23 for mitochondria. GST among populations was 0.23 for microsatellite loci and 0.40 for mitochondria. The F, G and R statistics indicate highly restricted gene flow among G. m. morsitans populations separated over geographic scales of 12-917 km.

Tsetse-Wolbachia symbiosis: Comes of age and has great potential for pest and disease control

“…This observation suggests that geography may affect Wolbachia prevalence, as reported previously for field populations of the spider Hylyphantes graminicola (Yun et al, 2010), and probably indicates recent sweeps through tsetse populations. Alternatively, this phenomenon could be due to the fact that Glossina populations exhibit extensive genetic structuring, which may influence Wolbachia infection dynamics (Krafsur, 2009; Ouma et al, 2007; Ouma et al, 2011). Of the laboratory strains, the populations of G. m. morsitans, G. m. centralis, G. longipinnis and G. swynnertoni were 100% infected.…”

Tsetse flies: Genetics, evolution, and role as vectors

“…centralis belts (Robinson et al, 1997a, b). Samples for genetic analysis were obtained from western Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Tanzania at distances of 12 to 917 km (Wohlford et al, 1999; Krafsur and Endsley, 2001; Ouma et al, 2007). Genotypes were obtained for seven microsatellite loci and mitochondrial locus Cox I .…”

“…Genotypes scored on acrylamide gels b Ouma et al, 2007. Genotypes scored on ABI 3100 using GeneScan 3.1 and Genotyper 2.5…”

“… a Krafsur and Endsley, 2002 b Ouma et al, 2007 c Krafsur et al, 2001 d Krafsur et al, 2000 e Ouma et al, 2005 f Marquez and Krafsur, unpublished data g Marquez et al, 2004 h Marquez et al, 2006 i Krafsur et al, 2008 j Abila et al, 2008 …”

Influence of Host Phylogeographic Patterns and Incomplete Lineage Sorting on Within-Species Genetic Variability in Wigglesworthia Species, Obligate Symbionts of Tsetse Flies

“…Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic differentiation within and among tsetse populations have been investigated for several tsetse species by use of both mtDNA and nuclear (microsatellite locus) markers (2,9,26,28,33). In Uganda, genetic variation in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes populations has been examined to identify relative contributions of population divergence, migration, and population size changes to disease transmission.…”