Patterns of Fruit Maturation: A Gametophyte Competition Hypothesis

Lee, Thomas D.

doi:10.1086/284213

Cited by 115 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Fruit maturation in many plant species has been pointed out as a pollinator limitation which reflects the shortage of pollinators or the lack of successful pollination (Schemske 1981, Bertin 1982, Aker 1982, Waser 1983. It has been also regarded as result of sexual selection in which male genetic success is limited by its ability to reach the ovules, while female fitness is limited by the availability of resources for the egg (Janzen 1977, Willson 1979, Stenphenson & Bertin 1983, the ultimate cause of fruit abortion (Janzen 1977, Stephenson 1981, Stephenson et al 1985, Lee 1984. The production of surplus of flowers and the massive abscission as here documented in Tabebuia, suggest that the plants might have some control over their offsprings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Barros¹

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation). The pollination ecology and breeding systems of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook., and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. were investigated in an area of cerrado vegetation in the Federal District of Brazil. These species occur sympatrically, flower massively and synchronously for a month, during the dry season (July to September). Both have diurnal anthesis, with similar floral structures, a yellow tubular corolla and produce nectar. Fourteen species of bees visited both Tabebuia species, but, only three Centris species and Bombus morio, were considered potential pollinators, because of their high frequency on the flowers and their efficiency in carrying pollen. Tests on the breeding systems of T. aurea and T. ochracea demonstrated that boths species are self-incompatible, with late-acting self-incompatibility. The proportion of fruit set from cross pollination (T. aurea 17.2% and T. ochracea 12.3%) in both species was low considering the great number of flowers displayed. This suggests a lack of maternal resources for fruit-set. The great amount of seeds per fruit (about 92 in T. aurea and 285 in T. ochracea) may represent an investment of maternal resources allocated on higher quality of fertilized ovules. RESUMO -(Ecologia da polinização de

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Barros¹

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…1). Resource-limited fruit set can allow plants to selectively abort immature fruit containing low quality or low quantity of seeds (Stephenson 1981;Lee 1984;Stephenson and Winsor 1986;Becerra and Lloyd 1992;Pellmyr and Huth 1994;Huth and Pellmyr 1997). Aborting fruit is a mechanism by which plants can match fruit production to available resources under a variety of resource levels (Stephenson 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and population variation in pollinating seed-consuming interactions between senita cacti ( Lophocereus schottii ) and senita moths ( Upiga virescens )

Holland¹,

Fleming²

1999

Oecologia

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Interspecific interactions can vary within and among populations and geographic locations. This variation can subsequently influence the evolution and coevolution of species interactions. We investigated population and geographic variation in traits important to pollinating seed-consuming interactions between the senita cactus (Lophocereus schottii) and its obligate pollinating moth (Upiga virescens), both of which are geographically restricted to the Sonoran Desert. Female moths actively pollinate senita flowers and oviposit onto flowers. Their larvae consume developing seeds and fruit of flowers pollinated by females. Traits important to this interaction include fruit set from moth pollination, fruit survivorship, and costs of fruit consumption by larvae. We studied these traits for five populations at two widely separated geographic locations. On average, 37% of flowers set fruit, 22% of flowers produced mature fruit, and larvae consumed 25% of immature fruit pollinated by female senita moths. Senita cactus and senita moth interactions were strongly mutualistic in all populations that we studied. Although one population had statistically lower fruit set and fruit production than the other four, all five populations were qualitatively similar in fruit production, costs, and patterns of fruit survivorship. Hand-pollination experiments suggested that fruit set was resource-limited in all but this one population. Apparent pollen limitation in the one population explains the quantitative differences in fruit set and fruit survivorship among the populations. As predicted by theory and exemplified by the senita mutualism, specialized and/or obligate interactions vary little among populations and geographic locations.

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“…The function of fruit abortion in wind pollinated dioecious perennials that have small green pericarps, such as aspen, is not clear unless there is a disadvantage in wind seed dispersal associated with fruits with low numbers of seeds. Anotber bypothesis to explain the evolution of fruit abortion in this species is that small seed numbers result trom few viable pollen grains and low gametic competition, and therefore the seeds are likely to be of reduced quality (Stepbenson, 1981 ;Lee, 1984). However, in wind pollinated plants the degree of gamete competition is dependent on the number of grains that first arrive together on the receptive stigma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**

Cox

1988

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYFew, if any, studies have been carried out that examine and relate /// vivo pollen germination following stimulated wet deposition of acidity and copper with various fruit and .seed .set parameters of trees. The methods used with inflorescences of a wind-pollinated tree, Populus tremuloides Michx., are reported here. The responses of components of the reproductive system to ruin simulants indicated significant (P < 0-05) overall response of;;/ vivo pollen germination to pH. The combined data demonstrated a significant (P < ()-()S) negative correlation between germination and pH. However, the response in the absence of copper showed no linear correlation because of a recovery at the lowest pH used (2-6). The eflect of simulated rain at the time of pollination was shown to inerease fruit abortion significantly. In addition, an overall significant negative correlation was found between fruit abortion and pH, but again in the absence of copper, fruit abortion recovered at the lowest pH (2-6). Seeds per fruit and percentage of placenta with full seeds were significantly reduced at pH 2-6 in the presence of 0-05 mg ]-' Cu compared with the control, lliese two seed set parameters were also significantly intercorrelated (P < 0-01) with fruit abortion suggesting that lack of seed set may be the cause of the abortion. The significant correlation of both in vivo pollen germination and fruit abortion with pH, especially in the presence of copper, supports the view that inhibition of the pollen on the stigma by the simulated rain is responsible for the lack of seed set above the required threshold that prevents fruit abortion.

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Patterns of Fruit Maturation: A Gametophyte Competition Hypothesis

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Geographic and population variation in pollinating seed-consuming interactions between senita cacti ( Lophocereus schottii ) and senita moths ( Upiga virescens )

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**

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Patterns of Fruit Maturation: A Gametophyte Competition Hypothesis

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Pollination ecology of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

Geographic and population variation in pollinating seed-consuming interactions between senita cacti ( Lophocereus schottii ) and senita moths ( Upiga virescens )

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of Populus tremuloides*

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Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**