Patterns of Fluoride Intake from Birth to 36 Months

Levy, Steven M.; Warren, John J.; Davis, Cathy; Kirchner, H. Lester; Kanellis, Michael J.; Wefel, James S.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03369.x

Cited by 140 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The level of mean fluoride intake (0.35 mg/day at 3 years old) from foods, beverages and dentifrices in this study was found to be lower than that (0.63 mg/day at 36 months old) from water, supplements and dentifrice in fluoridated areas in the US [Levy et al, 2001], and none of the children exceeded the upper intake level designated by the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Science to avoid the risk of dental fluorosis (1.3 mg/day in 1-to 3-year-olds; 2.2 mg/day in 4-to 8-year-olds). Though the mean amount of intake was less than the AI (0.7 mg/day in 1-to 3-year-olds; 1.1 mg/day in 4-to 8-year-olds), some children were estimated to reach the AI.…”

Section: Total Fluoride Intake From Diet and Dentifricementioning

confidence: 85%

Fluoride Intake in Japanese Children Aged 3–5 Years by the Duplicate-Diet Technique

Murakami¹,

Narita²,

Nakagaki³

et al. 2002

Caries Res

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This study was conducted to determine the fluoride intakes in 94 preschool children aged 3, 4 and 5 (n = 30, 30, 34, respectively) residing in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture (< 0.16 ppm F water supply). The parents duplicated all the diets that their children ingested on 3 separate days during a 1-year period. The acid-diffusible fluoride in the diet was isolated by the acid-diffusion technique and measured with a fluoride electrode. The mean daily fluoride intakes from diet alone by children aged 3, 4 and 5 were 0.30 mg (n = 29, SD 0.19), 0.28 mg (n = 30, SD 0.19) and 0.30 mg (n = 34, SD 0.19), respectively. The total estimated mean values from diet and dentifrice were 0.35 mg (n = 29, SD 0.22, range 0.13–1.00), 0.33 mg (n = 30, SD 0.19, range 0.13–0.86) and 0.39 mg (n = 34, SD 0.18, range 0.18–1.01), respectively. It was concluded that the mean (±SD) total fluoride from diet and dentifrice in 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children was 0.35 ± 0.19 mg/day (0.021 ± 0.012 mg/kg body weight).

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Section: Total Fluoride Intake From Diet and Dentifricementioning

confidence: 85%

Fluoride Intake in Japanese Children Aged 3–5 Years by the Duplicate-Diet Technique

Murakami¹,

Narita²,

Nakagaki³

et al. 2002

Caries Res

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“…In brief, 1305 white US children aged 3 to 12 yrs were recruited from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (PITT) (Polk et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2010), the Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) (Levy et al, 2001Marshall et al, 2003;Franzman et al, 2004), and the Iowa Head Start Study (IHS). All participants provided assent with written parental informed consent, and all study procedures were approved by Institutional Review Boards at the pertinent Universities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide Association Scan for Childhood Caries Implicates Novel Genes

et al. 2011

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“…fluoridated areas in many countries, as well as in Brazil 5,11,18,23 . This has been attributed to an increase in the fluoride level of foods and beverages through processing with fluoridated water, to the inadvertent ingestion of fluoride toothpaste, and to the inappropriate use of dietary supplements 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

Buzalaf

Granjeiro

Cardoso

et al. 2003

Pesqui. Odontol. Bras.

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Chocolate bars and chocolate cookies are foodstuffs highly appreciated by children. The possibility of having fluorine (F) among their components, associated with an excessive consumption, may make them decisive contributors to the total daily F intake. Thus, they could participate in the establishment of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the fluorine concentration [F] of the chocolates bars (CB) Baton, Confeti, Garoto Ball, Kinder Ovo, M&M's, Milkybar, Nescau, Nescau Ball, Surpresa, Surpresa Bichos, Tortuguita; and of the chocolate cookies (CC) Danyt's, Hipopó, Nescau, Passatempo, Pokémon, Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo and Trakinas. Samples were purchased in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Three grams of each product were previously ashed at 525°C (CB and cookies fillings) and at 550°C (cookies dough), during 4 hours. Fluorine was separated from the ash by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)-facilitated diffusion. Fluorine analysis was carried out with the specific electrode. Mean [F]s ± SD and amplitude (unit mg/g) were: CB = 0.30 ± 0.45 (0.07 -1.60, n = 12) and CC = 1.08 ± 2.64 (0.04 -7.10, n = 7). It was concluded that some of the analyzed foods may be important contributors to the total daily F intake. As for the product that had the highest [F] (Danyt's), when only 3 units are consumed just once a day, they may supply up to 40% of the maximum recommended daily F intake (0.07 mg/kg body weight) for a 2-year-old child (12 kg). The [F] in these products should be informed on their labels. DESCRIPTORS: Chocolate; Fluorine; Fluorosis, dental; Child. RESUMO:Chocolates em barra e bolachas de chocolate são guloseimas altamente apreciadas pelas crianças. A possibilidade de conter flúor (F) em seus componentes, associada a seu excessivo consumo podem torná-los contribuintes decisivos para a ingestão diária total de F. Assim, eles poderiam participar no estabelecimento da fluorose dental. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a concentração de flúor [F] dos chocolates em barra (CB) Baton, Confeti, Garoto Ball, Kinder Ovo, M&M's, Milkybar, Nescau, Nescau Ball, Surpresa, Surpresa Bichos, Tortuguita; e das bolachas de chocolate (CC) Danyt's, Hipopó, Nescau, Passatempo, Pokémon, Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo e Trakinas. Os produtos foram adquiridos em Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil. Três gramas de cada produto foram previamente calcinadas a uma temperatura de 525°C (CB e recheio das bolachas), e de 550°C (massas das bolachas), durante 4 horas. O F foi separado das cinzas por difusão facilitada por hexametildisiloxano (HMDS). As análises de F foram feitas com o eletrodo específico. As [F]s médias ± DP e amplitude (mg/g) foram: CB = 0,30 ± 0,45 (0,07 -1,60, n = 12) e CC = 1,08 ± 2,64 (0,04 -7,10, n = 7). Concluiu-se que alguns dos alimentos analisados podem ser importantes contribuintes para a ingestão diária total de F. No caso do produto que apresentou a maior [F] (Danyt's), quando apenas 3 unidades são consumidas uma única vez ao dia, elas podem fornecer mais de 40% da ingestão diária máxima de F recomendada (0,07 m...

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Patterns of Fluoride Intake from Birth to 36 Months

Abstract: There is considerable variation in fluoride intake across ages and among individuals. Longitudinal studies may be necessary to fully understand the relationships between fluoride ingestion over time and development of fluorosis.

Cited by 140 publications

References 22 publications

Fluoride Intake in Japanese Children Aged 3–5 Years by the Duplicate-Diet Technique

Fluoride Intake in Japanese Children Aged 3–5 Years by the Duplicate-Diet Technique

Genome-wide Association Scan for Childhood Caries Implicates Novel Genes

Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

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