Patterns of Flight Behavior and Capacity of Unmated Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Adults Related to Age, Gender, and Wing Size

Sappington, Thomas W.; Burks, Charles S.

doi:10.1603/en13279

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This is presumably an adaption to the greater time and distance between suitable hosts compared to more specialized pests of orchard crops. Flight mill experiments (Sappington & Burks, ) showed that unmated navel orangeworm are capable of flying distances greater than the 5 km indicated in a previous study (Higbee & Siegel, ), averaging ca. 12.2 km per night at 1 and 2 days old.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Interrelation of mating, flight, and fecundity in navel orangeworm females

Rovnyak

Burks

Gassmann

et al. 2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitini), is an economically important pest of nut crops in California, USA. Improved management will require better understanding of insect dispersal, particularly relative to when mating occurs. A previous study demonstrated a more robust laboratory flight capacity compared to other orchard moth pests, but it was unclear how mating affects dispersal, and how dispersal affects fecundity. In this study, 1-and 2-day-old females were allowed to fly overnight on a flight mill either before or after mating, respectively, and were then allowed to oviposit. Data on fecundity were compared between treatments to minimally handled or tethered-only control females. Females that mated before flight flew longer and covered a greater distance than those flying prior to mating. However, timing of flight relative to mating did not affect fecundity, nor did any measure of flight performance. There was no effect on fecundity when females were forced to fly for designated durations from 3 min to 2 h. Together, our data revealed no obvious trade-off between flight activity and reproductive output. Distances measured on the flight mills (mean ca. 15 km for mated females) may overestimate net displacement in the field where flight tracks are often meandering. The results suggest that most females mate and oviposit in or near their natal habitat, but that some may disperse potentially long distances to oviposit elsewhere. KeywordsAmyelois transitella, flight mills, dispersal, almonds, pistachios, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Key words: Amyelois transitella, flight mills, dispersal, almonds, pistachios, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae AbstractThe navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitini), is an economically important pest of nut crops in California, USA. Improved management will require better understanding of insect dispersal, particularly relative to when mating occurs. A previous study demonstrated a more robust laboratory flight capacity compared to other orchard moth pests, but it was unclear how mating affects dispersal, and how dispersal affects fecundity. In this study, 1-and 2-day-old females were allowed to fly overnight on a flight mill either before or after mating, respectively, and were then allowed to oviposit. Data on fecundity were compared between treatments to minimally handled or tethered-only control females. Females that mated before flight flew longer and covered a greater distance than those flying prior to mating. However, timing of flight relative to mating did not affect fecundity, nor did any measure of flight performance. There was no effect on fecundity when females were forced to fly for designated durations from 3 min to 2 h. Together, our data revealed no obvious trade-off between flight activity and reproductive outp...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the navel orangeworm has a much greater dispersal capacity than other lepidopteran orchard pests (Sappington & Burks, ). This is presumably an adaption to the greater time and distance between suitable hosts compared to more specialized pests of orchard crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelation of mating, flight, and fecundity in navel orangeworm females

Rovnyak

Burks

Gassmann

et al. 2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The algorithm for movement was based on multiple movement steps within the 'daily' time step of the model. Sappington & Burks 2014). 100) or the limit to the movement distance per time step was exceeded (i.e.…”

Section: Searching Habitat and Landscapes: Putting The Individual Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement and egg laying in Monarchs: To move or not to move, that is the equation

2015

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Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) populations are in decline in agricultural landscapes, in which genetically modified crops that are resistant to herbicides ('Roundup Ready') have resulted in the decimation of milkweed (Asclepias spp.) hosts over large areas due to the increased use of glyphosate. Movement is the key ecological process linking individual fitness traits to the utilization of sparse resources distributed across landscapes with emergent population level consequences. Often, movement ecology is highly simplified or even abstracted into a simple rate of flow between populations (i.e. a metapopulation) separated by a hostile 'matrix'. Whereas, we can gain important insights into the population dynamic as a whole if we explore movement as an explicit, complex, behavioural process in which the matrix is not simply a void. We developed a spatially explicit individual-based model to describe host-seeking behaviour over the lifetime of a monarch butterfly, which utilizes hosts both aggregated in patches and scattered across the wider landscape as a substrate for laying eggs. We examine the simulated movement distances and spatial population distribution (eggs laid) as a result of different movement rules (directionality), perceptive distance (ability to find) and landscape configuration (how milkweed is distributed). This indicates the potential consequences of cleaning up the matrix (i.e. the obliteration of non-crop vegetation with Roundup) and changing habitat configurations at a landscape scale on individual movement behaviours and the emergent number of eggs laid, essentially the birth term in any population model. Our model generates movement distances of the order of 12 km commensurate with summer breeding monarchs and suggests that milkweed removal has reduced egg laying by up to 30%. We suggest possible amelioration strategies.The matrix in each landscape either contains a low background density of hosts (matrix with hosts) or is devoid of hosts (empty matrix).

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“…We recorded flight distance and duration as two measures of flight performance using roundabout flight mills, similar to those used in many studies to characterise insect flight ability (Bradley and Altizer, 2005;Brodschneider et al, 2009;Dorhout et al, 2011;Sappington and Burks, 2014). A set of five flight mills, that consisted of a lightweight arm suspended at the centre by two magnets forming an almost resistance-free axis (see Chapman et al, 2015) and surrounded by equally sized and spaced monochrome vertical stripes surround each flight mill to provide the illusion of movement (Hrassnigg and Crailsheim, 1999), were located in a controlled environment room set at 248C with constant overhead lighting.…”

Section: Flight Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Flight performance of actively foraging honey bees is reduced by a common pathogen

Wells

Wolf

Nicholls

et al. 2016

Environ Microbiol Rep

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SummarySudden and severe declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony health in the US and Europe have been attributed, in part, to emergent microbial pathogens, however, the mechanisms behind the impact are unclear. Using roundabout flight mills, we measured the flight distance and duration of actively foraging, healthy‐looking honey bees sampled from standard colonies, before quantifying the level of infection by Nosema ceranae and Deformed Wing Virus complex (DWV) for each bee. Neither the presence nor the quantity of N. ceranae were at low, natural levels of infection had any effect on flight distance or duration, but presence of DWV reduced flight distance by two thirds and duration by one half. Quantity of DWV was shown to have a significant, but weakly positive relation with flight distance and duration, however, the low amount of variation that was accounted for suggests further investigation by dose‐response assays is required. We conclude that widespread, naturally occurring levels of infection by DWV weaken the flight ability of honey bees and high levels of within‐colony prevalence are likely to reduce efficiency and increase the cost of resource acquisition. Predictions of implications of pathogens on colony health and function should take account of sublethal effects on flight performance.

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Patterns of Flight Behavior and Capacity of Unmated Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Adults Related to Age, Gender, and Wing Size

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Interrelation of mating, flight, and fecundity in navel orangeworm females

Interrelation of mating, flight, and fecundity in navel orangeworm females

Movement and egg laying in Monarchs: To move or not to move, that is the equation

Flight performance of actively foraging honey bees is reduced by a common pathogen

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