Patterns of expression of cut, a protein required for external sensory organ development in wild-type and cut mutant Drosophila embryos.

Blöchlinger, Karen; Bodmer, Rolf; Jan, L Y; Jan, Y N

doi:10.1101/gad.4.8.1322

Cited by 269 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…cut is the selector gene to specify the ES organ identity; in its absence ES organs are transformed into CH organs and misexpression of cut transforms CH organs into ES organs (34,35). The absence of Cut expression in phyl mutants suggests that specification of ES organ identity may be through a regulation of cut expression by Phyl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

phyllopod is a target gene of proneural proteins in Drosophila external sensory organ development

Huang

Tang

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins initiate neurogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The Drosophila Achaete (Ac) and Scute (Sc) proteins are among the first identified members of the large bHLH proneural protein family. phyllopod (phyl), encoding an ubiquitin ligase adaptor, is required for ac-and sc-dependent external sensory (ES) organ development. Expression of phyl is directly activated by Ac and Sc. Forced expression of phyl rescues ES organ formation in ac and sc double mutants. phyl and senseless, encoding a Zn-finger transcriptional factor, depend on each other in ES organ development. Our results provide the first example that bHLH proneural proteins promote neurogenesis through regulation of protein degradation.E3 ligase ͉ senseless ͉ basic helix-loop-helix ͉ neurogenesis T he basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proneural proteins promote neurogenesis from flies to mammals (for reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). In Drosophila, the proneural proteins Achaete (Ac), Scute (Sc), Atonal (Ato), and Amos are bHLH transcriptional factors that are essential for the generation of neural precursors in the central and peripheral nervous systems (3-5). In mammals, the bHLH proteins Mash1, homolog of Ac and Sc, and Neurogenins, homologs of Ato and Amos, are essential for the initiation of neurogenesis (6, 7). Proneural genes are expressed in small clusters of cells, called proneural clusters, and they endow cells the potential to adopt neural fate, such as sensory organ precursors (SOPs) in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. However, lateral inhibition mediated by the ligand Delta and the receptor Notch restricts the expression of proneural genes to only one or a few cells that differentiate into neural precursors, and prevents neighboring cells of the selected neural precursors from adapting the same fate (8).The Drosophila proneural genes ac and sc function redundantly in the formation of external sensory (ES) organs; in ac and sc double mutants, formation of ES organs is disrupted, and misexpression of either ac or sc induces ectopic ES organs (9-12). The Ac and Sc proteins share 70% identity in their bHLH domains (3), and form heterodimers with the ubiquitously expressed bHLH protein Daughterless (Da) to activate transcription of downstream target genes (13,14). One target gene of Ac and Sc, asense (ase), also encodes a bHLH protein that is specifically expressed in SOPs and involved in SOP differentiation (15-17). Likewise, NeuroD, the mammalian homolog of Ase, also plays an important role in neuronal differentiation (18). In addition to the bHLH genes, a number of Ac and Sc target genes have been identified. For example, senseless (sens) is expressed in SOPs and is required to maintain high levels of proneural proteins in SOPs (19,20). Genes involved in lateral inhibition to select SOPs are also targets for Ac and Sc, including scabrous (sca), Delta (Dl), and those in the Enhancer of split [E(spl)] and Bearded (Brd) complexes (21,22). However, target genes essential for SOP differentiation ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

phyllopod is a target gene of proneural proteins in Drosophila external sensory organ development

Huang

Tang

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…es organs have several subtypes, among which the campaniform-like sensillum, with a papilla, and trichoid sensillum, with a long hair surrounded by a socket, are two major groups in thoracic and abdominal segments Hartenstein 1988). Irrespective of differences in morphology, they are highly homologous to each other in various respects Bodmer et al 1989;Blochlinger et al 1990). …”

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confidence: 99%

Subtype determination of Drosophila embryonic external sensory organs by redundant homeo box genes BarH1 and BarH2.

Higashijima

Michiue²,

Emori³

et al. 1992

Genes Dev.

102

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BarH1 and BarH2 are two closely related homeo box genes that form a small complex at the Bar locus on the X chromosome of Drosophila. By immunostaining, we showed that BarHl and BatH2 proteins are coexpressed in cells belonging to the central and peripheral nervous systems in embryos. In external sensory (es) organs, their expression was particularly apparent in thecogens (glial cells) and neurons at late development. Although deletion of BatH2 caused no appreciable morphological change in es organs, the simultaneous deletion of BatH1 and BatH2 led to a homeotic change in these organs with consequent conversion from campaniform-like sensilla to trichoid sensilla. In contrast, the overexpression of either BatH1 or BarH2 resulted in opposite morphological change. It would thus follow that BarH1 and BarH2 are a pair of redundant homeo box genes required for the subtype specification of es organs.

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“…Cut 2B10 (1:10; Developmental Study Hybridoma Bank) (30) and mouse antiFlamingo (25) (1:10; Developmental Study Hybridoma Bank). The secondary antibodies were AlexaFluor 488 and 594 used at 1:200 (Invitrogen).…”

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Distinct developmental mechanisms underlie the evolutionary diversification of Drosophila sex combs

Tanaka

Barmina

Kopp

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Similar selective pressures can lead to independent origin of similar morphological structures in multiple evolutionary lineages. Developmental mechanisms underlying convergent evolution remain poorly understood. In this report, we show that similar sex comb morphology in closely related Drosophila species is produced by different cellular mechanisms. The sex comb is a recently evolved, male-specific array of modified bristles derived from transverse bristle rows found on the first thoracic legs in both sexes. ''Longitudinal'' sex combs oriented along the proximo-distal leg axis evolved independently in several Drosophila lineages. We show that in some of these lineages, sex combs originate as one or several transverse bristle rows that subsequently rotate 90°and align to form a single longitudinal row. In other species, bristle cells that make up the sex combs arise in their final longitudinal orientation. Thus, sex combs can develop through either sexspecific patterning of bristle precursor cells or male-specific morphogenesis of sexually monomorphic precursors. Surprisingly, the two mechanisms produce nearly identical morphology in some species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that each of these mechanisms has probably evolved repeatedly in different Drosophila lineages, suggesting that selection can recruit different cellular processes to produce similar functional solutions. Convergent evolution ͉ Morphogenesis ͉ Sexual dimorphism

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Patterns of expression of cut, a protein required for external sensory organ development in wild-type and cut mutant Drosophila embryos.

Cited by 269 publications

References 21 publications

phyllopod is a target gene of proneural proteins in Drosophila external sensory organ development

phyllopod is a target gene of proneural proteins in Drosophila external sensory organ development

Subtype determination of Drosophila embryonic external sensory organs by redundant homeo box genes BarH1 and BarH2.

Distinct developmental mechanisms underlie the evolutionary diversification of Drosophila sex combs

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