Patterns of endorhizal fungal associations in fruit crops of southern India

Abstract

A survey on the endorhizal status of 39 fruit crops of 25 families, indicated that 22 fruit crops had arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-, four had dark septate endophyte (DSE)-fungal association, and 13 had dual colonization of AM and DSE fungi. Fruit crops were capable of forming Arum-, Paris-, or intermediate-types of AM morphologies of which intermediate-type was common. To our knowledge, we report for the first time AM in 10 fruit crops and DSE-fungal association in 17 fruit crops. The extent of AM-and DSE-fungal colonization ranged from 41% to 98% and < 1% to 89.9%, respectively, in different fruit crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal-fungal spore numbers in the rhizosphere ranged from 6 to 61 spores per 25 g of soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungal spores belonging to Acaulospora, Glomus, and Scutellospora were isolated from the rhizosphere soil.

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“…The lowest MBC of the extract that exhibited the complete inhibition of the bacterial growth was 0.625 mg/ml for P. vulgaris Table 4. The association takes a different degree of form such as phyllospheric, 58 mycorrhizal, 59 plants pathogenic and endophytic 60 . The genus Fusarium (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) isolated from Psidium guajava forms a different association with the host plant as mycorrhizae, 59 plants pathogenic and endophytic 61, 62 .…”