Patterns of Endemism in Turkey, the Meeting Point of Three Global Biodiversity Hotspots, Based on Three Diverse Families of Vascular Plants

Noroozi, Jalil; Zare, Golshan; Sherafati, Mahbubeh; Mahmoodi, Mohammad; Moser, Dietmar; Asgarpour, Zahra; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.

doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00159

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we found that all CoEs and AoEs were located in mountainous areas, consistent with the findings in previous studies for insects, such as leafhoppers, scale insects, and aphids (Yuan et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018), birds (Lei et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2010), mammals (Tang et al, 2006), and plants (Huang et al, 2012;Noroozi et al, 2019). The topographic complexity, long-term stable environment, and geological events experienced in mountainous areas are generally considered to be the main driving forces for the high level of endemism and formation of AoEs in these areas (Tribsch, 2004;López-Pujol et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018;Noroozi et al, 2018Noroozi et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Causes Of High Endemism and Aoessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The aim of the present study was to propose biogeographical patterns of planthopper endemism in China using the spatial distribution data for endemic species. We focused on the following research areas: (1) identifying the CoEs and delimiting AoEs; and (2) whether or not the CoEs and AoEs in this study are located in mountainous areas, as found in previous studies (e.g., Wang et al, 2017;Noroozi et al, 2018Noroozi et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endemism Patterns of Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) in China

et al. 2021

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Studies on endemism are always of high interest in biogeography and contribute to better understanding of the evolution of species and making conservation plans. The present study aimed to investigate the endemism patterns of planthoppers in China by delimiting centers of endemism and areas of endemism. We collected 6,907 spatial distribution records for 860 endemic planthopper species from various resources. Centers of endemism were identified using weighted endemism values at 1° grid size. Parsimony analysis of endemicity and endemicity analysis were employed to detect areas of endemism at 1°, 1.5°, and 2° grid sizes. Six centers of endemism located in mountainous areas were identified: Taiwan Island, Hainan Island, eastern Yungui Plateau, Wuyi Mountains, western Qinling Mountains, and western Yunnan. We also delimited six areas of endemism, which were generally consistent with centers of endemism. Our findings demonstrated that mountainous areas have an essential role in facilitating the high level of endemism and formation of areas of endemism in planthoppers through the combined effects of complex topography, a long-term stable environment, and geological events. Dispersal ability and distribution of host plants also have important effects on the patterns of planthoppers’ endemism.

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Section: Causes Of High Endemism and Aoessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemism Patterns of Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) in China

et al. 2021

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“…Most of the AEs identified in this study, e.g., Taurus, Zagros or Alborz, have been identified before (Noroozi et al 2018(Noroozi et al , 2019c). An exception is the Yazd-Kerman Massif, identified here as a separate unit, especially using Endemicity Analysis, in contrast to previous inferences based on the Iranian endemic species of Asteraceae (Noroozi et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Endemicity Analysis (Szumik et al 2002), as implemented in NDM/VNDM3 (Szumik and Goloboff 2004), is one of the most commonly applied approaches to identify AEs (Martínez-Hernández et al 2015;Szumik and Goloboff 2015;Elías and Aagesen 2016;Hoffmeister and Ferrari 2016;Zhang et al 2016;Weirauch et al 2017;Noroozi et al 2018Noroozi et al , 2019cLago-Barcia et al 2020). In this method, an endemicity score for each assumed AE (i.e., set of grid cells) is measured as the sum of the endemicity scores of each contributing species (Szumik and Goloboff 2004).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemics determine bioregionalization in the alpine zone of the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot (South-West Asia)

et al. 2021

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Alpine habitats are characterized by a high rate of range restricted species compared to those of lower elevations. This is also the case for the Irano-Anatolian global biodiversity hotspot in South-West Asia, which is a mountainous area harbouring a high amount of endemic species. Using two quantitative approaches, Endemicity Analysis and Network-Clustering, we want to identify areas of concordant species distribution patterns in the alpine zone of this region as well as to test the hypothesis that, given the high proportion of endemics among alpine species, delimitation of these areas is determined mainly by endemic alpine species, i.e., areas of concordant species distribution patterns are congruent with areas of endemism. Endemicity Analysis identified six areas of concordant species distribution patterns irrespective of dataset (total alpine species versus endemic alpine species), whereas the Network-Clustering approach identified five and four Bioregions from total alpine species and endemic alpine species, respectively. Most of these areas have been previously identified using the endemic flora of different elevational zones. The identified units using both methods and both datasets are strongly congruent, proposing that they reveal meaningful distribution patterns. Bioregionalization in the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot appears to be strongly influenced by the endemic alpine species, a pattern likely to hold in alpine regions outside the Irano-Anatolian hotspot.

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“…Southern Mediterranean Turkey with Cyprus is considered as one of ten biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean Basin (Médail & Quézel, 1999). Southern Mediterranean Turkey is the richest in endemism among all the Turkish regions (Noroozi et al, 2019). Like other parts of the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean Turkey comprises human‐shaped ecosystems (Blondel, 2006), and it is additionally affected by climate change and related factors, especially the changing fire regime (Viedma et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey

Kavgacı

Balpinar

Öner

et al. 2021

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions What are the main vegetation types of forest and shrubland vegetation at the alliance level in Mediterranean Turkey? What is their syntaxonomical position? Can we integrate them into the European vegetation classification system? Which environmental factors are the main drivers of the floristic differentiation of vegetation types? Location Southern and western Turkey. Methods We collected 4,717 vegetation plots of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey and performed an unsupervised classification of this data set. We described vegetation types based on the classification results, expert knowledge and information from the literature. We defined diagnostic species and prepared distribution maps for each vegetation type. To support the interpretation of the vegetation types, we determined the most important environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis. Results The studied vegetation was divided into 21 types related to three vegetation belts: (a) thermo‐ and meso‐mediterranean, comprising coniferous (Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea) and sclerophyllous forests, as well as macchia, garrigue and phrygana; (b) supra‐mediterranean, comprising Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana forests, thermophilous deciduous forests dominated by various oak species and Ostrya carpinifolia, and forests dominated by temperate species such as Fagus orientalis; and (c) oro‐mediterranean, comprising forests and shrublands dominated by Abies cilicica, Cedrus libani, Juniperus excelsa and Juniperus communis subsp. nana. Elevation was identified as the main environmental driver of the vegetation pattern. Among climatic variables, the most important are the mean temperatures (annual and of driest, coldest, and warmest quarters), minimum temperature of winter, precipitation of warmest and driest quarters and precipitation seasonality. These factors indicate the decreasing effect of the Mediterranean climate with increasing elevation. Conclusions The vegetation of Mediterranean Turkey is arranged along climatic gradients depending on elevation and the distance from the Mediterranean Sea. Most vegetation types in this area correspond to the syntaxa accepted in EuroVegChecklist, while others were described as new.

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Patterns of Endemism in Turkey, the Meeting Point of Three Global Biodiversity Hotspots, Based on Three Diverse Families of Vascular Plants

Cited by 39 publications

References 80 publications

Endemism Patterns of Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) in China

Endemism Patterns of Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) in China

Endemics determine bioregionalization in the alpine zone of the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot (South-West Asia)

Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey

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