Patterns of coral–dinoflagellate associations in
            <i>Acropora</i>
            : significance of local availability and physiology of
            <i>Symbiodinium</i>
            strains and host–symbiont selectivity

Oppen, Madeleine J. H. van; Palstra, Friso; Piquet, Anouk M.-T.; Miller, David J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1733

Cited by 292 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Owing to differences in thermal tolerance, only Symbiodinium D (ITS1, sensu Van Oppen et al, 2001) are found in the warm pool, whereas both Symbiodinium C and D associate with corals in the cold pool, occasionally forming mixed assemblages within a colony.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Amend

Barshis²,

Oliver³

2011

The ISME Journal

141

100

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Coral stress tolerance is intricately tied to the animal's association with microbial symbionts. The most well-known of these symbioses is that between corals and their dinoflagellate photobionts (Symbiodinium spp.), whose genotype indirectly affects whether a coral can survive cyclical and anthropogenic warming events. Fungi comprise a lesser-known coral symbiotic community whose taxonomy, stability and function is largely un-examined. To assess how fungal communities inside a coral host correlate with water temperature and the genotype of co-occurring Symbiodinium, we sampled Acropora hyacinthus coral colonies from adjacent natural pools with different water temperatures and Symbiodinium identities. Phylogenetic analysis of coral-associated fungal ribosomal DNA amplicons showed a high diversity of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, including several clades separated from known fungal taxa by long and well-supported branches. Community similarity did not correlate with any measured variables, and total fungal community composition was highly variable among A. hyacinthus coral colonies. Colonies in the warmer pool contained more phylogenetically diverse fungal communities than the colder pool and contained statistically significant 'indicator' species. Four taxa were present in all coral colonies sampled, and may represent obligate associates. Messenger RNA sequenced from a subset of these same colonies contained an abundance of transcripts involved in metabolism of complex biological molecules. Coincidence between the taxonomic diversity found in the DNA and RNA analysis indicates a metabolically active and diverse resident marine fungal community.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Amend

Barshis²,

Oliver³

2011

The ISME Journal

141

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Surveys of coral-algal symbioses from Western Australia can also be compared with similar latitudinal comparisons from other geographic regions (e.g. Baker 1999, Rodriguez-Lanetty et al 2001, van Oppen et al 2001, 2005, Savage et al 2002, Macdonald et al 2008, LaJeunesse et al 2010a) to corroborate hypothesized biogeographic patterns in the distribution of Symbiodinium diversity, and to determine where exceptions to these patterns arise, and why.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel algal symbiont (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity in reef corals of Western Australia

Silverstein

Correa

LaJeunesse³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The identity and diversity of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) in reef corals is thought to influence to the resilience of reef ecosystems to climate change, and varies depending on coral species, environmental conditions, and biogeography. We examined these factors by surveying corals along a latitudinal gradient in Western Australia on reefs connected north to south by the warm-water Leeuwin Current. We used the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA to characterize Symbiodinium communities in 19 species of reef coral (in 16 genera) from tropical Dampier (20.5°S) to temperate Dunsborough (33.5°S). We documented a high number of novel ITS-2 types in Symbiodinium clades B (1 type) and C (14 types) as well as 7 previously reported ITS-2 types in clades B, C, and D. In addition, we compared symbiont distributions with Giovanni's OBIG MODIS-Aqua satellite temperature data set and found that the putatively thermotolerant Symbiodinium ITS-2 type D1a was more frequently detected in 'chronically warm' tropical sites than at 'chronically cool' temperate sites, while clade B symbiont types showed the reverse pattern, being found in certain corals at the southernmost sites. Symbiodinium type D1a was generally most abundant at Dampier, where bleaching had occurred 1 mo prior to sampling, although some variation by host taxa was observed. The diverse and novel Symbiodinium communities documented here may be a result of (1) the variable environmental histories of the study sites, (2) the apparent genetic divergence within this genus resulting from the relative isolation of Western Australian reefs, and/or (3) the frequent transport of symbionts (in hospite or free-living) from Indo-Malay reefs to Western Australia via the Leeuwin Current. These results indicate that understudied reefs in remote and isolated areas may contain Symbiodinium diversity that has not been reported previously.

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“…Cultures were maintained at 28 1C and 35 mmol quanta m À2 s À1 , under a 12:12 h light:-dark photoperiod. Cultures were genotyped by SSCP of the ITS1 region (van Oppen et al, 2001). Growth was monitored periodically by hemocytometry to estimate log phase time.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and proteomic analyses of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus reveal a diverse virulence repertoire

et al. 2011

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Vibrio coralliilyticus has been implicated as an important pathogen of coral species worldwide. In this study, the nearly complete genome of Vibrio coralliilyticus strain P1 (LMG23696) was sequenced and proteases implicated in virulence of the strain were specifically investigated. The genome sequence of P1 (5 513 256 bp in size) consisted of 5222 coding sequences and 58 RNA genes (53 tRNAs and at least 5 rRNAs). Seventeen metalloprotease and effector (vgrG, hlyA and hcp) genes were identified in the genome and expressed proteases were also detected in the secretome of P1. As the VcpA zinc-metalloprotease has been considered an important virulence factor of V. coralliilyticus, a vcpA deletion mutant was constructed to evaluate the effect of this gene in animal pathogenesis. Both wild-type and mutant (DvcpA) strains exhibited similar virulence characteristics that resulted in high mortality in Artemia and Drosophila pathogenicity bioassays and strong photosystem II inactivation of the coral dinoflagellate endosymbiont (Symbiodinium). In contrast, the DvcpA mutant demonstrated higher hemolytic activity and secreted 18 proteins not secreted by the wild type. These proteins included four types of metalloproteases, a chitinase, a hemolysin-related protein RbmC, the Hcp protein and 12 hypothetical proteins. Overall, the results of this study indicate that V. coralliilyticus strain P1 has a diverse virulence repertoire that possibly enables this bacterium to be an efficient animal pathogen.

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Patterns of coral–dinoflagellate associations in Acropora : significance of local availability and physiology of Symbiodinium strains and host–symbiont selectivity

Cited by 292 publications

References 23 publications

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Novel algal symbiont (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity in reef corals of Western Australia

Genomic and proteomic analyses of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus reveal a diverse virulence repertoire

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