Patterns of cholinesterase staining during neural crest cell morphogenesis in mouse and chick embryos

Martins‐Green, Manuela; Erickson, Carol A.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402470109

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fig. 4A and H) and since both physostigmine and BW 284 C 51 inhibit enzyme activity, whereas isoOMPA does not, the myocardial staining that is reported in this paper is considered to be due to acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.17), confirming previous observations of Drews (1975) and Martins-Green and Erickson (1988).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic chicken hearts

1990

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To study the developmental appearance of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic hearts, an enzyme-histochemical study was carried out in chicken embryos ranging from cardiogenic plate to late tubular stages. Initially acetylcholinesterase is present in all cells of the (future) myocardium. When 13-14 pairs of somites have developed, i.e., shortly before blood propulsion starts, acetylcholinesterase selectively disappears from the ventral and lateral wall of the developing ventricle. Slightly later, when 18-19 pairs of somites have developed, acetylcholinesterase also disappears from the dorsal and anterior wall of the atrium. High concentrations of acetylcholinesterase remain present in the outflow tract and lower concentrations in a continuous tract along the lesser curvature of the heart, the atrial side of the atrioventricular canal, and the left wall of the atrium. In late tubular stages of heart development, acetylcholinesterase is reexpressed in the inner myocardial layer of the ventricle, i.e., in the developing trabeculae and the ventricular side of the atrioventricular canal, where it is continuous with the acetylcholinesterase-expressing cells of the atrial side of the atrioventricular canal. The expression pattern of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic chick hearts coincides with that of areas that control the conduction of the impulse and may reveal a cholinergic signal transduction system that is responsible for a coordinated contraction pattern of the myocardium prior to the development of the definitive conductive system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic chicken hearts

1990

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“…Until recently, embryonal ChE activity was localized by means of an ultrahistochemical method only in the perinuclear envelope and cistemae of the RER. 47,68,72 In addition, in our experiments the particles of the nChE end product filled some vesicular structures in the cytoplasm and were associated with the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the cells closely enveloping the growing axons. Such histochemical distribution suggests that after their synthesis nChE molecules are transported to the cell surface and attached as ectoenzyme to the plasma membrane.…”

Section: Fine Struc~ra~ D~~ibutio~ Of Nche Ac~vi~mentioning

confidence: 57%

Non‐specific cholinesterase activity of the developing peripheral nerves and its possible function in cells in intimate contact with growing axons of chick embryo

Dubový

Haninec

1990

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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The results presented here demonstrate non-specific cholinesterase (nChE) activity in the developing peripheral nerves of chick embryos at stages 25-26 according to Hamburger and Hamilton (1951, J. Morphol. 88, 49-92). Under the light microscope the use of simultaneous staining for nChE activity and silver proteinate impregnation revealed the axons to be surrounded by cells exhibiting nChE activity in the main nerve trunks and in the growing tips of nerves. Nerve branches arising from the main nerve trunks contained cells with positive reaction for nChE activity, too. Electron-dense particles of the reaction product indicating nChE activity were found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the perinuclear envelope of cells in close contact with growing nerve fibers and their growth cones. The same distribution of nChE activity was found in cells which were located near to nerve fasciculi but without direct contact with axons. Surprisingly, the cells in close contact with axons and their growth cones exhibited the end product of nChE activity in the outer part of their plasma membrane. The cells enveloping axons within the nerve trunks were apparently Schwann cells, while those around the growth cones at nerve tips could be identified as Schwann cells and/or mesenchymal cells of the hindlimb. The nChE reaction product was also detected in the axolemma of nerve fibers and their growth cones. The distribution of nChE activity in the developing peripheral nerves of chick embryos suggests that these molecules may influence the process of axonal elongation and locomotion. Several possible mechanisms of nChE action on growing axons can be presumed: (i) intracellular Ca2+ level regulation; (ii) providing an adhesive substrate; and (iii) butyrate production affecting the cell metabolism and the distribution of neurotubules and neurofilaments. It is also assumed that nChE molecules are involved in the interactions of nerve fibers with Schwann cells and/or mesenchymal cells as well as in interneuronal interactions.

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“…Because of structural similarities with the neural tube, we call these organoids "neural balls." Random growth of neurites outward, as observed with the in vitro neural balls, is not seen in embryos, because the neural tube is surrounded by the basement membrane (17,18). Little information is available on the role of basement membrane in morphogenesis of the CNS at these early stages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of neural tube-like structures in vitro from primary neural precursor cells.

Tomooka

Kitani

Jing

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vertebrate central nervous system develops from a neural tube derived from the embryonic ectoderm. In mouse, the neural tube around embryonic day 10 primarily consists of neural precursor cells (NPCs). During the development of embryonic central nervous system, NPCs proliferate and migrate outward; thus later stages show NPCs toward the lumen of the neural tube and neurofilament-positive differentiated cells toward the periphery. In conventional liquid culture, NPCs isolated from mouse on embryonic day 10 proliferate and differentiate into neurofilament-positive neurons. In the present communication, we show that fragments of neural tubes and aggregates of NPCs, when placed into collagen gel matrix, form three-dimensional structures which resemble the neural tube formed in vivo in the developing embryos. Even dissociated NPCs form the three-dimensional structures in the collagen gel matrix. Our results indicate that individual NPCs or fragments of neural tubes carry morphogenetic information which allows them to reconstruct neural tube-like structures in vitro.Vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) derives from a neural tube, in which pluripotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) proliferate and differentiate into various types of neuronal and glial cells (1-4). The neural tube is initially consisted of pseudostratified NPCs, then increases in thickness as NPCs proliferate, and finally becomes multilayered. In mouse, neurons become detectable in the hindbrain region around embryonic day 10 (E10) and are localized only in the marginal zone of the tube (5). The spatial as well as temporal control of CNS development requires the precise proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NPCs. Although the dynamic morphogenesis in the early CNS development has attracted investigators for near a century (6-9), the mechanisms controlling the programmed development of NPCs remain poorly understood, primarily due to technical difficulties associated with the study of mammalian CNS development.As the first step to circumvent these difficulties we have established a simple method to isolate NPCs from embryonic mouse head at E10 (10). In primary cultures, NPCs differentiate into neurons and glia by following a time schedule similar to that observed in embryos. These findings prompted us to develop models of the CNS development in vitro. Collagen gel has been used as a matrix for studies of threedimensional growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of epithelial cells (11-16). In this study, we have utilized collagen gel culture of NPCs to observe their morphogenetic behavior three-dimensionally. NPCs were found to proliferate, extend neurites, and reconstruct neural tube-like structures in collagen gel matrix.The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. MATERIALS AND METHODSNPC Preparation and Culture. An enzymatic method for preparation of NPCs from E10 em...

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Patterns of cholinesterase staining during neural crest cell morphogenesis in mouse and chick embryos

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic chicken hearts

Distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase in early embryonic chicken hearts

Non‐specific cholinesterase activity of the developing peripheral nerves and its possible function in cells in intimate contact with growing axons of chick embryo

Reconstruction of neural tube-like structures in vitro from primary neural precursor cells.

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