Patterns of brainstem projection to the thalamic reticular nucleus

Kolmac, Christian I.; Mitrofanis, John

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980713)396:4<531::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Anterogradely transported CTx β was also present in the contralateral AVN. These observations may be explained by inclusion of the anteromedial most portion of the reticular thalamic nucleus in the injection site (Gonzalo-Ruiz and Lieberman 1995; Kolmac and Mitrofanis 1998). It is possible that the CTx β itself spread to the ipsilateral AM, given that diffuse reaction product was also apparent in the neuropil, similar to what is visible within the AVN at the core of the injection site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections from the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to the anterior thalamus and ventral tegmental area arise from largely separate populations of neurons

Holmstrand

Sesack

2011

Brain Struct Funct

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Cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the brainstem pedunculopontine (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei innervate diverse forebrain structures. The cholinergic neurons within these regions send heavy projections to thalamic nuclei and provide modulatory input as well to midbrain dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Cholinergic PPT/LDT neurons are known to send collateralized projections to thalamic and non-thalamic targets, and previous studies have shown that many of the afferents to the VTA arise from neurons that also project to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. However, whether cholinergic projections to the VTA and anterior thalamus (AT) are similarly collateralized is unknown. Ultrastructural work from our laboratory has demonstrated that cholinergic axon varicosities in these regions differ both morphologically and with respect to the expression and localization of the high-affinity choline transporter. We therefore hypothesized that the cholinergic innervation to these regions is provided by separate sets of PPT/LDT neurons. Dual retrograde tract-tracing from the AT and VTA indicated that only a small percentage of the total afferent population to either region showed evidence of providing collateralized input to the other target. Cholinergic and non-cholinergic cells displayed a similarly low percentage of collateralization. These results are contrasted to a control case in which retrograde labeling from the midline paratenial thalamic nucleus and the VTA resulted in higher percentages of cholinergic and non-cholinergic dual-tracer labeled cells. Our results indicate that functionally distinct limbic target regions receive primarily segregated signaling from PPT/LDT neurons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections from the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to the anterior thalamus and ventral tegmental area arise from largely separate populations of neurons

Holmstrand

Sesack

2011

Brain Struct Funct

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“…With possibly one exception (projections from the postsubicular region), all the afferent structures we identified in the present study have been described by others previously (Wise and Jones, 1977; Killackey and Erzurumlu, 1981; Roldán and Reinoso-Suárez, 1981; Huerta et al, 1983; Cadusseau and Roger, 1985; Tanaka et al, 1985; Vertes et al, 1986; Henkel and Schneiderman, 1988; Rhoades et al, 1989; Sesack et al, 1989; Appell and Behan, 1990; Cornwall et al, 1990; Canteras and Swanson, 1992; Ohtsuki et al, 1992; Redgrave et al, 1992; Wiberg, 1992; Waterhouse et al, 1993; Canteras et al, 1994; Klooster et al, 1995; Krauthamer et al, 1995; Kolmac et al, 1998; Canteras and Goto, 1999; Garcia Del Caño et al, 2000; Moore et al, 2000; Olucha-Bordonau et al, 2003; Wyss and Sripanidkulchai, 2003; Kimura et al, 2004; Sefton et al, 2004; Kelly et al, 2009; Alloway et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregated Anatomical Input to Sub-Regions of the Rodent Superior Colliculus Associated with Approach and Defense

Comoli¹,

Favaro²,

Vautrelle³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroanat.

137

122

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The superior colliculus (SC) is responsible for sensorimotor transformations required to direct gaze toward or away from unexpected, biologically salient events. Significant changes in the external world are signaled to SC through primary multisensory afferents, spatially organized according to a retinotopic topography. For animals, where an unexpected event could indicate the presence of either predator or prey, early decisions to approach or avoid are particularly important. Rodents’ ecology dictates predators are most often detected initially as movements in upper visual field (mapped in medial SC), while appetitive stimuli are normally found in lower visual field (mapped in lateral SC). Our purpose was to exploit this functional segregation to reveal neural sites that can bias or modulate initial approach or avoidance responses. Small injections of Fluoro-Gold were made into medial or lateral sub-regions of intermediate and deep layers of SC (SCm/SCl). A remarkable segregation of input to these two functionally defined areas was found. (i) There were structures that projected only to SCm (e.g., specific cortical areas, lateral geniculate and suprageniculate thalamic nuclei, ventromedial and premammillary hypothalamic nuclei, and several brainstem areas) or SCl (e.g., primary somatosensory cortex representing upper body parts and vibrissae and parvicellular reticular nucleus in the brainstem). (ii) Other structures projected to both SCm and SCl but from topographically segregated populations of neurons (e.g., zona incerta and substantia nigra pars reticulata). (iii) There were a few brainstem areas in which retrogradely labeled neurons were spatially overlapping (e.g., pedunculopontine nucleus and locus coeruleus). These results indicate significantly more structures across the rat neuraxis are in a position to modulate defense responses evoked from SCm, and that neural mechanisms modulating SC-mediated defense or appetitive behavior are almost entirely segregated.

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“…The ZId somatotopic map was characterized by large facial receptive fields including the whiskers (Nicolelis et al, 1992; Simpson et al, 2008). Direct whisker input reaches ZI mainly from both PrV and SpVi (Lin et al, 1990; Kolmac et al, 1998; Lavallée et al, 2005), but also via wS1 (Lin et al, 1990; Aronoff et al, 2010). Most likely, the main impact of ZI on the whisker system is by its GABAergic output to Pom.…”

Section: Whisker Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Pathways Involved in Generating and Sensing Rhythmic Whisker Movements

Bosman¹,

Houweling²,

Owens³

et al. 2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

211

225

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The rodent whisker system is widely used as a model system for investigating sensorimotor integration, neural mechanisms of complex cognitive tasks, neural development, and robotics. The whisker pathways to the barrel cortex have received considerable attention. However, many subcortical structures are paramount to the whisker system. They contribute to important processes, like filtering out salient features, integration with other senses, and adaptation of the whisker system to the general behavioral state of the animal. We present here an overview of the brain regions and their connections involved in the whisker system. We do not only describe the anatomy and functional roles of the cerebral cortex, but also those of subcortical structures like the striatum, superior colliculus, cerebellum, pontomedullary reticular formation, zona incerta, and anterior pretectal nucleus as well as those of level setting systems like the cholinergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways. We conclude by discussing how these brain regions may affect each other and how they together may control the precise timing of whisker movements and coordinate whisker perception.

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Patterns of brainstem projection to the thalamic reticular nucleus

Cited by 66 publications

References 42 publications

Projections from the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to the anterior thalamus and ventral tegmental area arise from largely separate populations of neurons

Projections from the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to the anterior thalamus and ventral tegmental area arise from largely separate populations of neurons

Segregated Anatomical Input to Sub-Regions of the Rodent Superior Colliculus Associated with Approach and Defense

Anatomical Pathways Involved in Generating and Sensing Rhythmic Whisker Movements

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