Patterns of antibiotics susceptibility of isolates and plasmid analysis of Staphylococcus from surgical site infections in Nigeria

Abstract

There has been a significant increase in resistance of common bacterial isolates from surgical site infections in our community resulting in prolonged hospital stay, disability and deaths of patients. In this vein, we surveyed the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of aerobic bacterial isolates from postoperative wound infections and determined whether resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was genetically mediated. A total of 161 isolates were obtained from 153 swab samples of infected wounds using cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The predominant bacterial isolates were: S. aureus (53.4%), Escherichia coli (23.0%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.0%), and species of Klebsiella and Proteus 3.7% each. On the whole: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus showed similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns viz: 66.7-100% for ciprofloxacin, 66.7-100% gentamicin and 50-80% augmentin; and less than 50% for amoxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, cloxacillin and chloramphenicol. S. aureus showed percentage susceptibility of 50-100% and Staphylococcus epidermidis (50-100%) for cloxacillin and augmentin, and less than 60% for amoxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Multi drug resistance (MDR) of S. aureus strains to at least three classes of the antibiotics used was about 70.5%. Four out of the 11 MDR S. aureus strains were found to harbor plasmids with varying molecular weights that ranged from 3.114 to 6.509 kb. One of the multi-drug resistant isolates still exhibited resistance even after curing. This showed that other genetic elements may also be involved in the acquisition of these forms of resistance other than plasmid elements.

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and extended spectrum β–lactamase producers among bacteria isolated from infected wounds in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan City

“…We found Proteus spp (80%) to be most prevalent in burn wound infection as opposed to Staphylococcus aureus (42.9%) which was prevalent in acute soft tissue infection. Similar organisms were identified in acute soft tissue infections which include cutaneous abscesses, traumatic wounds, and necrotizing infection in which microbiological investigations showed that Staphylococcus aureus is the single causative bacterium in approximately 25 to 30% of cutaneous abscesses (22). This could be explained based on the fact that Staphylococcus aureus constitute the normal skin flora.…”

Nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents

“…A wound is a debilitated tissue that results from a breakdown in the skin giving rise to a physiological condition for microbial manifestation including opportunistic pathogens [ 43 , 44 ] affecting wound healing [ 45 ]. Depending on the degree of wound, whether acute or chronic, wound care is necessary to reduce infection or abnormal bacterial presence that may cause stress and other health consequences [ 44 , 46 ]. Over the years, wound dressing and healing have been problematic to clinicians [ 46 ].…”

“…Depending on the degree of wound, whether acute or chronic, wound care is necessary to reduce infection or abnormal bacterial presence that may cause stress and other health consequences [ 44 , 46 ]. Over the years, wound dressing and healing have been problematic to clinicians [ 46 ]. Because there is no single appropriate wound dressing material that can act as a potent sterile antimicrobial agent capable of absorbing excess exudate, preserving the wound from external sources of infection, preventing excess heat at the wound, impermeable to gases, and a dressing that is easy to remove without further trauma to the wound [ 47 ] has complicated wound healing.…”

Incidence of surgical site infection, bacterial isolate, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients who underwent surgery at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

“…S. aureus was also the predominant isolates in cesarean section, as it was reported by previous studies from Uganda and Nigeria, but the pattern in the distribution of the entire isolates was different. 47,48 In this study, the highest resistance which is exhibited by Enterobacteriaceae isolates was for ampicillin (91.3%), followed by augmentin (87%), cotrimoxazole (82.6%), and ceftriaxone (78.3). The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolates to ampicillin in this study was in line with previous studies conducted in Bahir Dar, Mekelle, Addis Ababa, and Hawassa, Ethiopia, as well as Uganda, which reported 88.2%-96.5%.…”