Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient department and emergency room at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

Oqal, Muna K. A.; Elmorsy, Soha; Alfhmy, Amal K; Alhadhrami, Reham M; Ekram, Rawan A; Althobaiti, Ibtihal A; Ghoneamy, Sawsan S

doi:10.4103/1658-631x.156419

Cited by 12 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In neonates, the same antibiotics consumption pattern was observed as in pediatrics. In adults, the drug most consumed was parenteral Ceftriaxone or intravenous Gentamicin or Azithromycin orally, that's similar to the previous study with ceftriaxone prescribing at emergency units only 11 and similar study with Azithromycin usage a study. 10 That may be related to general respiratory disorders or others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…8,9 Several investigations showed difference in consumption and utilization of antibiotics from one country to another with an emphasis on emergency services. 10,11 It is based on antibiotics prescribing regulations and infectious diseases treatment guidelines. To the best of our knowledge there is no investigation in the KSA or Gulf and Middle East countries about antibiotics consumption at ER services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Emergency Services at North West (Tabuk) Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Alomi¹,

Almasoudi²,

Alghamdi³

et al. 2019

PTB Reports

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Objectives: This article describes antimicrobial medication use among different age groups and the cost associated with it in emergency department at Northern West (Tabuk) hospitals, Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study to declare the antimicrobial medication use in emergency Units at North West Region Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a 12-month antimicrobial drug consumption by emergency services at North West region hospitals. It included all adults, pediatrics and neonatal population. The medications were selected by Central Antibiotics committee at MOH as part of the National Antimicrobial Stewardship program. The consumption is driven from pharmacy database and calculated based on off stranded unit of antimicrobial per hospital. The cost of antibiotics consumption was calculated by using Ministry of Health National Cost database. All cost used was as US currency. Results: The total number of Antimicrobial standard units at Emergency departments were (8,805.00) with average (1,761.00) per hospital. The highest general drug consumption was Azithromycin PO 200 mg/15 ml (4253) and Ceftriaxone IV 1 g (805) and Gentamicin IV 80 mg (401) at Emergency departments. The total cost of antimicrobial consumption was (24,822.60 USD) and (4,964.52 USD) per hospital. The highest cost medication consumption from Adults Emergency departments was 59.85% (24,822.60 USD) followed by pediatrics Emergency departments 28.99% (7,197.03 USD) and Neonates Emergency departments of 11.16% (2,769.98 USD). The highest medication cost was for very broad-spectrum antibiotics like Meropenem IV, Azithromycin PO and Moxifloxacin IV. It consumed more than 60 % of the cost burden. Conclusion: The Emergency department had a high consumption of antimicrobial drugs with burden cost. Antimicrobial stewardship program at Emergency services are necessary to prevent bugs related resistance, improve patient outcome and avoid necessary additional economic burden on healthcare system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Emergency Services at North West (Tabuk) Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Alomi¹,

Almasoudi²,

Alghamdi³

et al. 2019

PTB Reports

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show abstract

“…Although the principals of antibiotic prescriptions have been well established internationally for many years, their inappropriate use is still common especially in the developing countries [15,16]. The study also revealed that the antibiotic prescription rate in the emergency room is 7.2%, which is low compared to other countries in our region, while such rate was 61.9% in Iran [17], 60.7% in England [18], 48% in Norway [19] and 46% in Saudi Arabia [20]. It has been reported that penicillin and flouroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in several studies in the developed and developing countries [16,[21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A study in France showed cephalosporines were used in 21% and flouroquinolones in 22% in treatment of the patients, respectively, while penicillins used in 43% [24]. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was used in 30% of the patients in Saudi Arabia [20], while its use reached 54% in Spain [25]. A study performed in the United States reported that azithromycin was the mostly prescribed antibiotic for outpatients [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Salman¹,

Alawi²,

Albasri³

et al. 2015

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Objective: To describe the pattern and appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain. Methods:Patients aged more than or equal to 14 years old that attended emergency room and was prescribed antibiotics from 1 to 31 July 2014 were included. Data were obtained from patients' emergency records. Antibiotic treatment was classified to appropriate, inappropriate or unjustified use according to the local or international guidelines. Chi Square was performed to evaluate the variables associated to appropriateness antibiotic treatment.Results: A total of 1313 patients were included (52.6% males), mostly in the age group 14-30 years old (45.3%). The most frequent diseases attended were upper respiratory and urinary tract infections (27.3% and 22.1%,respectively). Cefuroxime was the most prescribed antibiotic (37.5%) followed by ciprofloxacin (20.8%). Percentage of inappropriate antibiotics prescription was 81.9% mostly due to unjustified use. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment was significantly more common in males (87.1%; P-value <0.001), in patients without mentioned diagnosis, then upper respiratory tract infection (100%, 96.9%. P-value <0.001) and prescriptions written by emergency physicians (85.5%; P-value <0.001).

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“…7 Several studies showed that the different type of antibiotics consumed at ambulatory care services. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Each country had different antibiotics and policy antibiotics prescribing guidelines. In Saudi Arabia, there is no national surveillance system of antimicrobial drug consumptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Ambulatory Care Settings, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

Almasoudi¹,

Alomi²,

Alghamdi³

2019

PTB Reports

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Objectives: During the 21 st century, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the principal public health problems worldwide. In the coming 20 years, health care systems may be incapable to treat bacterial diseases proficiently due to this miracle. We analyzed data from the North West Region Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia to determine the level of knowledge regarding drug consumption among patients attending five hospitals in ambulatory care settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at North West Region Hospitals in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia for 9 months. The study contestants were selected from different outpatient departments. National Antimicrobial stewardship program highly demand at our country because of poor insight of antibiotics and misappropriation of antibiotics and poor adherence of antibiotics guidelines. Antibiotic consumption is driven from pharmacy database and calculated based on stranded unit of antimicrobial per each hospital. The total cost expenditure of antimicrobial drug consumption was calculated by Ministry of Health National Cost database. The predictable cost expressed in USD. All data and variables analyzed by Microsoft Excel program version 10. Results: The number of antimicrobial drug consumption in ambulatory care settings in the Saudi Arabia were 25,116 i.e. average 5,023.2 per hospital respectively. The highest drug consumption at all ambulatory care visits were azithromycin tablet (10,932), followed by azithromycin syrup (7,760) and moxifloxacin tablet (3218). The overall antimicrobial consumption was 37,620.12 USD and 7,524.02 USD per each hospital. The overall cost medication consumption were adults ambulatory care departments 69.42% (26,114.79 USD), followed by pediatrics ambulatory care departments 24.52% (9,226.018 USD) and neonates ambulatory care departments 6.06% (2,279.32 USD). The highest medication cost was very broad-spectrum antibiotics like Levofloxacin, Linezolid PO IV and Moxifloxacin PO. It disbursed more than 50% of the cost burden. Conclusion: Our results exposed a very high obliviousness of antimicrobial drug consumption and its contributing factors among the study contestants. Ambulatory care settings had a high consumption of antimicrobial drugs with burden cost. Thus, health education and responsiveness are highly and instantly suggested to address antimicrobial drug consumption and related resistances in the Tabuk area at ambulatory care settings. Antimicrobial stewardship program at Ambulatory care clinics is necessary to prevent bugs related resistance, improve patient outcome and avoid unnecessary cost on hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

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Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient department and emergency room at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Emergency Services at North West (Tabuk) Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Emergency Services at North West (Tabuk) Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Ambulatory Care Settings, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

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