Patterns of anemia and infection from medieval York, England

Grauer, Anne L.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910206

Cited by 72 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Walker, 1986;Blom et al, 2005;Facchini et al, 2004;Keenleyside and Panayotova, 2006), though lower prevalence in non-adults was also observed in some cases (e.g. Grauer, 1993). Subrepresentation of non-adults could not be excluded as a possible cause of lower prevalence in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Walker, 1986;Grauer, 1993;Lovell, 1997;Wright and Chew, 1998;Piontek and Kozlowsky, 2002;Keita, 2003;Facchini et al, 2004;Blom et al, 2005;Keenleyside and Panayotova, 2006), the impact and causes of anemia in populations from southern Patagonia have been little documented. During the last decade of the 20th century, several studies reported a high frequency of porotic hyperostosis and a low frequency of cribra orbitalia in populations from Tierra del Fuego (Pérez-Pérez and Lalueza Fox, 1992;Guichón, 1994;Schinder and Guichón, 2003;Suby and Guichón, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in human remains from southern Patagonia

Suby

2014

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Previous studies revealed a high frequency of porotic hyperostosis in hunter-gatherer populations from southern Patagonia. Nevertheless, the systematic recovery of new burials with detailed archaeological and paleodietary contextual information during the last two decades offers new opportunities to explore the prevalence of anemia and its possible variation among populations with different marine and terrestrial hunter-gatherer lifestyles. This paper reports the results of an analysis of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in skeletal human remains from this region, discussing their most likely causes in the light of current evidence. The results showed a high prevalence of porotic hyperostosis and a low prevalence of cribra orbitalia, without significant differences between age and sexes. Moreover, marine hunter-gatherers presented a higher frequency of porotic hyperostosis than those individuals associated with terrestrial economies. Nutritional and zoonotic factors are proposed as the most probable causes of the high frequency of anemia observed in individuals with marine-based diets. Although no temporal differences were observed, different possible patterns of health in human native populations in the during-contact period are proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in human remains from southern Patagonia

Suby

2014

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“…According to some authors (Grauer, 1993;Lewis, 2007), if a stress period lasts less than 3 months, the child can compensate the delay by catch-up growth, but if the problem lasts longer, normal growth may be irreversibly compromised. In other words, catch-up growth is related to the recovery of normal growth rate, by improved environmental conditions (Binns, 1998), or a process of habituation of the body to environmental restrictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth problems in a skeletal sample of children abandoned at Santa Casa da Misericórdia, Faro, Portugal (16th–19th centuries)

Paredes

Ferreira

Wasterlain

2015

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In 2006, an excavation at Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Faro, Portugal, revealed a cemetery dating from the 16th-19th centuries with several phases of use, one of which presented 51 sub-adult individuals that had been abandoned at the institution through the 'foundling wheel'-a device that allowed people to leave unwanted newborns anonymously. Of the 46 individuals for whom it was possible to estimate age-at-death, more than 80% were under two years. Skeletal samples from individuals of these ages are not commonly found in the archaeological record. This Faro sample is also unique in the sense that it is the first time it has been possible to study an osteological assemblage from abandoned children. Considering the assertion that dental development is buffered against environmental insults in comparison to skeletal development, and that discrepancies between dental and skeletal age estimations are suggestive of growth delay, this study aims to investigate if the immature individuals of this institution were exposed to severe environmental restrictions. Skeletal age was estimated according to long bone lengths and epiphyseal fusion. Dental age was calculated on the basis of dental development, namely dental calcification and the sequence of formation and eruption of teeth. Furthermore, a palaeopathological analysis of the sample was conducted. The age estimates obtained by the ossification and fusion of different skeletal elements resulted in too wide intervals and were therefore excluded from subsequent analysis. The age estimates obtained by the dental methods were consistent (100%). By contrast, the estimates obtained by osteometric and dental methods showed some disagreement (osteometric vs. dental calcification: 63.6%; osteometric vs. sequence of formation and eruption of teeth: 80.0%), the osteometric providing younger ages. Regarding the paleopathology, the high frequency of porotic lesions (60.8%) and new bone deposition (37.3%), especially in the individuals previously identified as small for their age, make evident the difficulties experienced by these individuals during their short lives.

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“…York's average rate of 26% (Table 1) is higher than the crude prevalence rate for Britain of 14.1% (Robert and Cox, 2003). A systematic study of periostitis at St. Helen-on-the-Walls found that it increased in frequency with age (Grauer, 1993). Thus, the risk of having periostitis is cumulative during life, and factors previously discussed, e.g.…”

Section: Non-specific Skeletal Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The secondary effects of these parasites, namely anaemia and, in the case of diphylobothriasis, vitamin B12 deficiency, alongside generalised high pathogen load have been linked to the prevalence of porotic hyperostosis found at the lower status cemetery of St. Helen-on-the-Walls (Grauer, 1993). Cribra orbitalia is more commonly reported than porotic hyperostosis in British collections and has also been linked to anaemia.…”

Section: Non-specific Skeletal Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Living cheek by jowl: The pathoecology of medieval York

King¹,

Henderson²

2014

Quaternary International

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Medieval York was one of the largest and most important cities in England. The close confines of the city, the household and industrial waste, alongside the air and water pollution made this a city known for its pervasive smells, which at the time were considered to be a leading cause of disease.This paper aims to present the environmental context for disease combined with the human osteological record to reconstruct the pathoecology of medieval York. Combining archaeological and historical data, we gain insight into the interplay between medieval culture, disease, health, and the urban environment. It is clear that local authorities were concerned about urban pollution, and historical evidence demonstrates that legal measures were taken to remove or regulate some of the perceived causes of pollution. There is a demonstrable trend towards improving environmental conditions in York between the 11 th and mid-16 th century. However, it is likely that the extant socioenvironmental conditions continued to contribute to morbidity, as evidenced by the prevalence of infection.

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Patterns of anemia and infection from medieval York, England

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in human remains from southern Patagonia

Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in human remains from southern Patagonia

Growth problems in a skeletal sample of children abandoned at Santa Casa da Misericórdia, Faro, Portugal (16th–19th centuries)

Living cheek by jowl: The pathoecology of medieval York

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