Patterns of AllocationCSRPlant Functional Types in Northern Europe

Abstract

Morphological and physiological parameters of 76 vascular plant species typical for Northern Europe were analyzed using Grime's classification. species (competitors) have high levels of canopy height, leaf dry weight, and maximal lateral spread. species (ruderal) have low leaf dry weight, longer flowering period, high rate of photosynthetic capacity and respiration, and high nitrogen content in the leaves. Stress-tolerant ( ) species prevailing in habitats with limited resources are small and have low rate of photosynthetic activity and respiration. Principal component analysis (PCA) ordination showed a clear separation of species of different plant functional types according to their morphological and physiological parameters. The first PCA axis showed close relationship with the rate of respiration and photosynthetic activity and allowed us to differentiate from species. The second PCA axis correlated with morphological parameters associated with the size of plants and allowed us to differentiate species from and species. Using PCA ordination, we developed a model that determines plant functional types in Northern Europe and analyzed plant functional types of several species that are not presented in Grime's classification. The proposed model has higher accuracy (84%) compared to similar models designed for other climatic zones.

How does urbanization affect the reproductive characteristics and ecological affinities of street plant communities?

“…Third, it is possible that long and late-flowering species were indirectly selected in urban areas by hitch-hiking (Smith & Haigh, 1974) along with other plant characteristics under direct selection. Indeed, our results revealed that the flowering period was also related to the ecological strategies of the plants and to the degree of autogamy, which is consistent with a significantly longer and later flowering period of R-strategists compared with S-and C-strategists recently shown by Novakovskiy, Maslova, Dalke, and Dubrovskiy (2016). Munoz, Violle, and Cheptou (2016) observed recently from a 2,000-species dataset that ruderal species were mostly autogamous, while competitive species were more often allogamous, and stress-tolerant species tended to have a mixed mating system.…”

“…Indeed, our results revealed that the flowering period was also related to the ecological strategies of the plants and to the degree of autogamy, which is consistent with a significantly longer and later flowering period of R-strategists compared with S-and C-strategists recently shown byNovakovskiy, Maslova, Dalke, and Dubrovskiy (2016). Indeed, our results revealed that the flowering period was also related to the ecological strategies of the plants and to the degree of autogamy, which is consistent with a significantly longer and later flowering period of R-strategists compared with S-and C-strategists recently shown byNovakovskiy, Maslova, Dalke, and Dubrovskiy (2016).…”

Postagrogenic development of Retisols in the middle taiga subzone of European Russia (Komi Republic)

“…At site 3AC, the tree stand (total canopy density 0.6) was dominated by deciduous trees. The decrease of the illumination level under the canopy of the young stand (Degteva, ), reduction of N caused by active tree regrowth, and increasing C‐species competition (Novakovskiy et al, ) resulted in a decrease in species richness compared to site 2AC. Ruderal species dropped out from the community, and plants typical of natural communities (forests and meadows) strengthen their positions (e.g., Geranium sylvaticum ).…”

“…A dominant classification approach was used. The grime plant functional types system was used to assess the functional types of plants (Novakovskiy, Maslova, Dalke, & Dubrovskiy, 2016). Nomenclature for vascular plants is given according to Czerepanov (1995), for mosses - Ignatov and Afonina (1992) and for lichens -Santesson, Moberg, Nordin, Tønsberg, and Vitikainen (2004).…”

“…At site 3AC, the tree stand (total canopy density 0.6) was dominated by deciduous trees. The decrease of the illumination level under the canopy of the young stand (Degteva, 2005), reduction of N caused by active tree regrowth, and increasing C-species competition (Novakovskiy et al, 2016) However, the composition of the dwarf shrub-herb layer was strongly different compared to the earlier succession stages and became closed to the intact forests. Species from the initial succession stages were not registered at the site; although forest and meadow-forest species prevailed here, the moss-lichen layer was not formed.…”