Patterns of Acute Vascular Injury After Intra-Arterial Barbiturate Injection

Good Clinical Outcome After Accidental Intra-arterial Injection of Flunitrazepam Tablets in 16 Drug Abusers with Critical Limb Ischaemia

“…13,14,25,30 The capillary pressure increases due to the slowed capillary blood flow with the consequence of fluid transudation into the interstitium causing impaired soft tissue perfusion and ischaemia in the areas concerned. 31 Clinically, these events present as severe oedema followed rapidly by stagnation of blood flow with cyanosis. The development of arterial insufficiency and tissue hypoxia results in temperature loss, progressive neurologic deterioration, and, ultimately, gangrene.…”

Medication Administration via the Umbilical Arterial Catheter: A Survey of Standard Practices and Review of the Literature

“…When injected with sodium thiopental, the central artery of rabbit ears developed blanching, progressive mottled cyanosis, scattered vesicles, gangrenous areas, and eventual mummification with autoamputation 4 to 5 weeks later. 13 When injected with sodium thiopental, propoxyphene, pentazocine, or methadone, the femoral arteries of baboons showed a dose-dependent vasodilation suggesting that vasospasm is not the primary response to intraarterial injections of drugs of abuse. 14 Klatte et al 15 showed early signs of tissue necrosis in the kidneys of dogs 3 to 4 hours after direct injection of secobarbital or pentobarbital into their renal arteries.…”

Complications After Unintentional Intra-arterial Injection of Drugs: Risks, Outcomes, and Management Strategies

“…Ellertson et al 87 reported angiographic evidence of both arterial and venous irregularities after IA injection of 10% thiopental into arteries of rabbit ears. After 72 hours, they noticed that segmental areas of venous thromboses were more prominent than those seen in the arterial system.…”