Patterns in soil microbial diversity across Europe

Labouyrie, Maëva; Ballabio, Cristiano; Romero, Ferran; Panagos, Panos; Jones, Arwyn; Schmid, Marc W.; Mikryukov, Vladimir; Dulya, Olesya V.; Tedersoo, Leho; Bahram, Mohammad; Lugato, Emanuele; Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der; Orgiazzi, Alberto

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37937-4

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Compared to woodlands, (croplands also contained significantly higher diversity and richness of tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, and annelids) and higher richness of rotifers. Although this finding contrasts with previous observations of consistent declines in soil biodiversity with increasing land use intensity (Schulz et al, 2019; Tsiafouli et al, 2015), it is in line with recent analyses of microbial communities from the same LUCAS soil samples (16S bacteria and ITS fungi; Labouyrie et al, 2023) indicating that ecosystem type is the main driver shaping the whole soil food web. β‐diversity was also strongly shaped by ecosystem type, in agreement with previous studies that compared grasslands and forests in the Amazonas (Ritter et al, 2019) and those investigating the effects of vegetation on bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in the arctic tundra (Shi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Köninger

Ballabio

Panagos

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Soil eukaryotes play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functions and services, yet the factors driving their diversity and distribution remain poorly understood. While many studies focus on some eukaryotic groups (mostly fungi), they are limited in their spatial scale. Here, we analyzed an unprecedented amount of observational data of soil eukaryomes at continental scale (787 sites across Europe) to gain further insights into the impact of a wide range of environmental conditions (climatic and edaphic) on their community composition and structure. We found that the diversity of fungi, protists, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, and annelids was predominantly shaped by ecosystem type (annual and permanent croplands, managed and unmanaged grasslands, coniferous and broadleaved woodlands), and higher diversity of fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods, and annelids was observed in croplands than in less intensively managed systems, such as coniferous and broadleaved woodlands. Also in croplands, we found more specialized eukaryotes, while the composition between croplands was more homogeneous compared to the composition of other ecosystems. The observed high proportion of overlapping taxa between ecosystems also indicates that DNA has accumulated from previous land uses, hence mimicking the land transformations occurring in Europe in the last decades. This strong ecosystem‐type influence was linked to soil properties, and particularly, soil pH was driving the richness of fungi, rotifers, and annelids, while plant‐available phosphorus drove the richness of protists, tardigrades, and nematodes. Furthermore, the soil organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio crucially explained the richness of fungi, protists, nematodes, and arthropods, possibly linked to decades of agricultural inputs. Our results highlighted the importance of long‐term environmental variables rather than variables measured at the time of the sampling in shaping soil eukaryotic communities, which reinforces the need to include those variables in addition to ecosystem type in future monitoring programs and conservation efforts.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Köninger

Ballabio

Panagos

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…These results indicate that fertilisation rather than defoliation has potential to stimulate soil bacterial and fungal communities without altering soil microbial community structure, as also found by others (Fanin et al., 2015; Li et al., 2020; Liang et al., 2011). However, previous studies have reported that fertiliser application, especially of phosphorus, can decrease the diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which influences phosphorus transfer from microbes to host plants, as well as long‐term SOM accumulation via melanised hyphae (Frater et al., 2018; Labouyrie et al., 2023; Oelmann et al., 2021; Ryan & Graham, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation and fertilisation differentially moderate root trait effects on soil abiotic and biotic properties

Liu,

Cordero,

Bardgett

2023

Journal of Ecology

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Root functional traits are known to influence soil properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. Yet few studies have explored how root traits simultaneously influence physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, or how these responses are modified by common grassland perturbations that shape roots, such as defoliation and fertilisation. Here, we explored how root traits of a wide range of grassland plant species with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (i.e. conservative vs. exploitative strategy plant species) respond to defoliation and fertilisation individually and in combination, and examined cascading impacts on a range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. We found that the amplitude of the response of root traits to defoliation and fertilisation varied among plant species, in most cases independently of plant resource acquisition strategies. However, the direction of the root trait responses (increase or decrease) to perturbations was consistent across all plant species, with defoliation and fertilisation exerting opposing effects on root traits. Specific root length increased relative to non‐perturbed control in response to defoliation, while root biomass, root mass density, and root length density decreased. Fertilisation induced the opposite responses. We also found that both defoliation and fertilisation individually enhanced the role of root traits in regulating soil biotic and abiotic properties, especially soil aggregate stability. Synthesis: Our results indicate that defoliation and fertilisation, two common grassland perturbations, have contrasting impacts on root traits of grassland plant species, with direct and indirect short‐term consequences for a wide range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning.

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“…7°to 13°C (i.e., optimal for most plants and ectotherms and fungal pathogens' primary hosts) while sharply declining outside this range (i.e., in extreme hyper-arid, alpine, and Arctic habitats). These findings, summarizing the variety of relationships between pathogen diversity and host community properties (36)(37)(38)(39), suggest that a biotic community exceeding a certain low threshold of diversity or biomass invariably shelters a relatively diverse community of fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Alpha Diversity Of Fungal Ecological Groupsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Mikryukov,

Dulya,

Zizka

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

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Patterns in soil microbial diversity across Europe

Cited by 50 publications

References 106 publications

Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Defoliation and fertilisation differentially moderate root trait effects on soil abiotic and biotic properties

Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

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