Patterns and related factors of bidi smoking in India

Mbulo, Lazarous; Palipudi, Krishna; Smith, Tenecia; Yin, Shaoman; Munish, Vineet Gill; Sinha, Dhirendra N; Gupta, Prakash C.; Swasticharan, Leimapokpam

doi:10.18332/tpc/119053

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Beedi smoking and SLT use are relatively rare in young adult females in the Indian population. 14,27 Some previous studies on a similar topic have also focused only on the male population. 19,35 Although we tried to avoid many confounding factors, some of the observations in our study might remain unexplained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults

Ahad¹,

Bey

Khan

et al. 2021

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent

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Background: Tobacco smoking is an established risk factor for periodontitis. However, few studies have evaluated the periodontal status of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, while that of individuals with dual habit has largely been unexplored. The current study aimed to find if the periodontal status in individuals with dual habits of smoking and SLT use is different from those with any single habit. Methods: Four groups (A: exclusive smokers, B: exclusive tobacco chewers, C: individuals with dual habits, and D: non-users of tobacco), each comprising 75 males in the age group of 20-35 years, were selected. Along with the history of tobacco use, a modified oral hygiene index (OHI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the number of teeth with gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The data were assessed using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: Group C had the highest mean OHI scores, with 94.66% of participants having poor oral hygiene (OHI>3.0). The prevalence of severe gingivitis (GI>2.0) was significantly lower among exclusive smokers (group A) and those with dual habits (group C) when compared to the other two groups. As much as 60% of group C participants were found to have average PD in the range of 4-6 mm, while deeper average PD (>6 mm) was most common among smokers. The highest risk of having a tooth with GR was also associated with the dual habit (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 3.24 - 5.76) when compared with the non-users. Conclusion: While both forms of tobacco were associated with poor periodontal status, the additive effect of smoking and SLT use was evident in almost all parameters, more so with poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of gingival recession. These findings emphasize that individuals with dual habits have an additional risk for periodontal destruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults

Ahad¹,

Bey

Khan

et al. 2021

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Control of the tobacco epidemic is a long-term process, which is strongly related to the residents’ education, culture, health literacy, behaviour, cognition, family income and mental health. 13 14 In recent decades, some cities in China have seen rapid growth in industrialisation and modernisation and have become areas of higher economic levels. However, there is a lag in changes related to smoking intensity pattern, social and economic group composition, the tobacco epidemic trend and other factors that are different from those in developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past three decades, China’s economy has developed rapidly, and the national income of some regions has reached the standard of developed regions worldwide and has entered the ranks of high-income areas. Control of the tobacco epidemic is a long-term process, which is strongly related to the residents’ education, culture, health literacy, behaviour, cognition, family income and mental health 13 14. In recent decades, some cities in China have seen rapid growth in industrialisation and modernisation and have become areas of higher economic levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional survey on cigarette smoking in Chinese high-income areas

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo evaluate smoking status and its influencing factors in high-income areas of China.DesignCross-sectional.SettingHigh-income areas in China.Participants4064 persons aged 15 years or older from the survey results in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018.MethodsGross national income data were used to determine China’s high-income economic regions, and the results of the survey in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 4064 people were included in our study, including 881 current smokers, 2884 who had never smoked and 299 who had quit smoking. Using the standardised rate method, the standardised smoking rates in high-income and non-high-income areas in China were calculated to be 23.56% and 27.77%, respectively. Men, high school education or below, knowledge of e-cigarette information, permission to smoke at home and people with poor smoking health literacy are the main influencing factors of smokers in high-income areas of China.ConclusionThe smoking rate of people in China’s high-income areas is lower than the overall smoking rate in China, and we should increase the public awareness that smoking is harmful to health, encourage the prohibition of smoking at home, increase investment in higher education and improve residents’ smoking health literacy level. The purpose of this study was to encourage reduction in the rate of smoking and better control the prevalence of smoking.

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“… 10 Another recent study found that bidi use was highest among those of lower education, wealth and socioeconomic status. 11 The lenient tax treatment of indigenous tobacco products is a key issue here, with bidis historically being taxed at relatively low levels because it has been perceived as the ‘poor man’s puff’, without giving due consideration to the devastating impact of the ‘puff’ on the ‘poor man’s’ health and productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the tax treatment of bidis in India

et al. 2020

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BackgroundBidi use remains an intractable public health problem for India. This is partly due to the informal nature of the bidi supply chain, including tax exemptions for small producers. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of making all bidis subject to duty and Goods and Services Tax. Although this may require legislative changes and incur some extra administrative costs, the net benefits would include greater oversight of the supply chain as well as increased tax revenues and reduced consumption.MethodsWe use a form of gap analysis (the difference between duty paid and total bidi consumption) to estimate the number of tax-exempt bidis. We then use local evidence on the price elasticity of demand for bidis to assess the impact of eliminating these exemptions on the price and consumption of presently tax-exempt bidis.FindingsTotal bidi consumption is estimated at 400 billion sticks per annum, including 275 billion duty paid sticks and 125 billion duty exempt sticks. Removing the small producer exemptions would increase the price of currently exempt bidis by INR4.6/pack. Total bidi consumption would decrease by 6% and the number of smokers would decrease by 2.2 million adults. This would bring the rate of bidi smoking down from 7.7% to 7.5%, while generating INR14.8 billion in tax revenues.ConclusionsEliminating India’s tax exemptions for small bidis producers would make a significant contribution to tobacco control, both directly by reducing the number of smokers and indirectly by plugging a loophole in the supply chain.

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Patterns and related factors of bidi smoking in India

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults

Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults

Cross-sectional survey on cigarette smoking in Chinese high-income areas

Revisiting the tax treatment of bidis in India

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