Patterns and processes in reef fish diversity

Mora, Camilo; Chittaro, Paul M.; Sale, Peter F.; Kritzer, Jacob P.; Ludsin, Stuart A.

doi:10.1038/nature01393

Cited by 308 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Support for this concept also comes from evidence in fossil records where consistently greater rates of tropical speciation over geological time have been found (27). Correspondingly, the latitudinal location of the first appearance in fossil records of apomorphic characters favors the tropics, with poleward deflections observed for the occurrence of plesiomorphic life forms (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The road from Santa Rosalia: A faster tempo of evolution in tropical climates

Wright

Keeling

Gillman

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

204

221

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Using an appropriately designed and replicated study of a latitudinal influence on rates of evolution, we test the prediction by K. Rohde [(1992) Oikos 65, 514 -527] that the tempo of molecular evolution in the tropics is greater than at higher latitudes. Consistent with this prediction we found tropical plant species had more than twice the rate of molecular evolution as closely related temperate congeners. Rohde's climate-speciation hypothesis constitutes one explanation for the cause of that relationship. This hypothesis suggests that mutagenesis occurs more frequently as productivity and metabolic rates increase toward the equator. More rapid mutagenesis was then proposed as the mechanism that increases evolutionary tempo and rates of speciation. A second possible explanation is that faster rates of molecular evolution result from higher tropical speciation rates However, we targeted common species to limit the influence of genetic drift, and many of the tropical species we used, despite occurring in abundant populations, had much higher rates of molecular evolution. Nonetheless, this issue is not completely resolved by that precaution and requires further examination.latitude ͉ metabolic rate ͉ molecular evolution ͉ mutagenesis ͉ speciation T he decrease in species richness along the continuum from tropical to polar latitudes is perhaps one of the most widely recognized patterns in nature, yet there is no consensus as to a causal mechanism (1, 2). Indeed, since Hutchinson (3) explored a range of possibilities in his 1959 address, ''homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals?'', a plethora of competing ideas that attempt to explain the pattern have emerged (4, 5). In 1808, von Humboldt (6) first suggested that energy was key in generating this relationship, and there are now several theories invoking energy as a determinant of diversity (5). These include the climate-speciation hypothesis of Rohde (7). The central element of that hypothesis is the idea that in warmer, more productive environments metabolic rates are higher and that because the rate of mutagenesis is thought to be positively correlated with metabolic rate (8) the tempo of both evolution and speciation is also greater (7). If rate heterogeneity in molecular evolution is controlled by climate it would also suggest that evolution is a spatially ordered phenomenon as was first proposed by Darwin (9). Here, we test the prediction made by Rhode (7) that rates of molecular evolution are faster in the tropics than at higher latitudes. Alternative hypotheses that might also explain faster molecular evolution in the tropics include: first, the concept under nearly neutral theory that faster rates of genetic drift occur in generally smaller tropical populations (10, 11), and second, the concept of more rapid tropical speciation rates themselves produce faster rates of molecular evolution at low latitudes (12).Nucleotide substitution rates have been found to correlate positively with body temperature where phylogenetically disparat...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The road from Santa Rosalia: A faster tempo of evolution in tropical climates

Wright

Keeling

Gillman

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

204

221

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“…The length of time larvae spend in the dispersive stage is known as pelagic larval duration (PLD). Limited dispersal due to limited PLD has been proposed to explain why total reef fish species richness is lower in more isolated habitats and why species that do occur in isolated habitats have higher mean PLD than those inhabiting near-shore habitats 18,25 . In general, short-term estimates of dispersal distance are positively correlated with PLD among marine species, although the strength of this relationship varies across the range of PLDs 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, circle colour) and total reef fish species richness (circle size) vary widely among Pacific coral reef communities. Total reef fish species richness decreases with increasing isolation as in other systems 18,19 and predator-prey ratio varies among islands by a factor of 3 (range: 0.34-1.1 predator species per prey species; Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

et al. 2014

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Top predators are a critical part of healthy ecosystems. Yet, these species are often absent from spatially isolated habitats leading to the pervasive view that fragmented ecological communities collapse from the top down. Here we study reef fish from coral reef communities across the Pacific Ocean. Our analysis shows that species richness of reef fish top predators is relatively stable across habitats that vary widely in spatial isolation and total species richness. In contrast, species richness of prey reef fish declines rapidly with increasing isolation. By consequence, species-poor communities from isolated islands have three times as many predator species per prey species as near-shore communities. We develop and test a colonization-extinction model to reveal how larval dispersal patterns shape this ocean-scale gradient in trophic structure.

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“…As a consequence, such amphidromous lineages show more similarity in their population dynamic with coastal marine fishes whose adults are sedentary and connectivity is maintained through larval dispersal as observed in coral reef fishes [99][100][101]. Species richness in Indo-Pacific reef fishes exhibits a marked heterogeneity following a gradient that peaks in the Philippines and Indonesia and decreases toward the west and the east [102][103][104][105][106]. The origin of this gradient of diversity has been intensively debated during the last two decades as several mechanisms have been proposed to account for previously described based on mitochondrial sequences [67,125].…”

Section: Euryhaline and Diadromous Lineages With Regional Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Barcoding Indonesian freshwater fishes: challenges and prospects

Hubert¹,

Kadarusman²,

Wibowo³

et al. 2015

DNA Barcodes

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With 1172 native species, the Indonesian ichthyofauna is among the world’s most speciose. Despite that the inventory of the Indonesian ichthyofauna started during the eighteen century, the numerous species descriptions during the last decades highlight that the taxonomic knowledge is still fragmentary. Meanwhile, the fast increase of anthropogenic perturbations during the last decades is posing serious threats to Indonesian biodiversity. Indonesia, however, is one of the major sources of export for the international ornamental trade and home of several species of high value in aquaculture. The development of new tools for species identification is urgently needed to improve the sustainability of the exploitation of the Indonesian ichthyofauna. With the aim to build comprehensive DNA barcode libraries, the co-authors have started a collective effort to DNA barcode all Indonesian freshwater fishes. The aims of this review are: (1) to produce an overview of the ichthyological researches conducted so far in Indonesia, (2) to present an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes reported to date from Indonesia’s inland waters, (3) to highlight the challenges associated with its conservation and management, (4) to present the benefits of developing comprehensive DNA barcode reference libraries for the conservation of the Indonesian ichthyofauna.

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Patterns and processes in reef fish diversity

Cited by 308 publications

References 23 publications

The road from Santa Rosalia: A faster tempo of evolution in tropical climates

The road from Santa Rosalia: A faster tempo of evolution in tropical climates

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

DNA Barcoding Indonesian freshwater fishes: challenges and prospects

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