Patterns and processes in a landscape under stress: the study area

Vos, C.C.; Zonneveld, J. I. S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2318-1_1

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The prevailing land-use type is a highly industrialized agriculture with the highest application rate of fertilizers in Europe. In addition, urban areas and a dense network of extremely crowded motorways (Vos & Zonneveld 1993) compose the matrix in which the remnants are scattered. To many species the configuration of habitat sites has the structure of an archipelago of habitat remnants, varying in size.…”

Section: The Landscape Ecological Approach: From Landscape Pattern Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This network should consist of the actual nature areas, farmland areas in which nature is to be restored and "corridor zones'' that are assumed to be necessary for building the network. The aim of this network is to stem the tide of the four major causes of the loss of biodiversity (Vos & Zonneveld 1993. Bink et al 1994: (1) eutrophication of ground water and surface water, (2) ammonium deposition from agricultural emissions, (3) lowering of the water table and (4) habitat fragmentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The landscape ecological approach in bird conservation: integrating the metapopulation concept into spatial planning

Opdam¹,

Foppen²,

Reijnen³

et al. 1995

Ibis

101

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In The Netherlands, fragmentation of (semi)natural ecosystems is regarded as a major nature conservation problem. The current Dutch Nature Conservation Policy Plan proposes a spatial network consisting of existing nature reserves, nature redevelopment areas and corridor zones. One of the objectives is to stop the assumed decline of biodiversity due to fragmentation. In this contribution we show that breeding birds are affected by the spatial distribution of their habitat. We also show how problems due to fragmentation can be solved by integrating landscape ecological research data into planning procedures. Fragmented bird populations show metapopulation characteristics, dependent on the degree of fragmentation. This can be concluded from pattern studies, in which presence or absence patterns are correlated with spatial characteristics. Metapopulation dynamics were used, and the frequency of local extinction and of recolonization were related to size of habitat patches and spatial position in the landscape. The conclusion is that, depending on the spatial scale, landscape fragmentation is a threat to birds. On the basis of empirical data, statistical and metapopulation models are being developed to be used to evaluate spatial planning scenarios and to support decision making about which scenario is closest to the planning aims.

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Section: The Landscape Ecological Approach: From Landscape Pattern Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The landscape ecological approach in bird conservation: integrating the metapopulation concept into spatial planning

Opdam¹,

Foppen²,

Reijnen³

et al. 1995

Ibis

101

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“…Neitzke 2001). This primarily results in a higher productivity due to an increased inflow of nutrients (Bakker & Berendse 1999), often accompanied by acidification and lowering of the water table (Vos & Zonneveld 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced colonization capacity in fragmented populations of wind‐dispersed grassland forbs

2002

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Summary1 Habitat fragmentation as a result of intensification of agricultural practices decreases the population size and increases the site productivity of remnant populations of many plant species native to nutrient-poor, species-rich grasslands. Little is known about how this affects the colonization capacity of populations, which is highly important for regional species survival. We studied the effects on four wind-dispersed forbs that represent two major dispersal strategies in grasslands: Cirsium dissectum and Hypochaeris radicata , which have plumed seeds and are adapted to long-distance dispersal by wind, and Centaurea jacea and Succisa pratensis , which have plumeless seeds and are adapted to only short-distance dispersal by wind. 2 Colonization capacity decreased with decreasing population size. This was due to lower seed germination ability in all species, and a lower seed production and a narrower range of seed dispersal distances in the species with plumed seeds. Inbreeding depression is the most likely cause of this. We found no evidence for a stronger selection for reduced dispersal in smaller populations. 3 Increasing site productivity changed the colonization capacity of all species. The capacity for colonization of nearby sites increased, due to higher seed production and seed germination ability, but the capacity for colonization of distant sites decreased, due to a lower long-distance dispersal ability. 4 Seed dispersal ability and germination ability were negatively correlated in the species with plumeless seeds, but not in the species with plumed seeds. The dispersal ability of individual plumed seeds remained constant under changes in population size and site productivity. This indicates a strong selection pressure for long-distance dispersal ability in these species. 5 When habitat fragmentation results in a simultaneous decrease in population size and increase in site productivity, both the local survival probability and the colonization capacity of remnant populations of wind-dispersed grassland forbs are likely to be severely reduced. This increases regional extinction risks of the species.

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“…By introducing species into regions that they previously could not reach through natural dispersal, we have triggered biological invasions in some areas with often detrimental effects on the diversity of native species (Elton, 1958, Hobbs andHuenneke, 1992). On the other hand, by fragmenting once continuous natural habitats we have created dispersal barriers for many other species, endangering in their future persistence (Vos and Opdam, 1993). In this paper, we will outline Landscape and Urban Planning 58 (2002) [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] some recent ideas on how the spatial fragmentation of food and habitat affects biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%