Patterns and descriptors of COVID-19 testing and lab-confirmed COVID-19 incidence in Manitoba, Canada, March 2020-May 2021: A population-based study

Righolt, Christiaan H.; Zhang, Geng; Sever, Emrah; Wilkinson, Krista M.; Mahmud, Salaheddin M.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100038

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Uptake in the intermediate subcohort was mostly similar to the pre-pandemic subcohort (Table S3). The groups most vulnerable to COVID-19 8 saw the largest reductions in vaccine uptake, with an ongoing downward trend throughout the pandemic (Figure 2). Children in the lowest income neighborhoods saw a 17% reduction in diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) dose 4 uptake at 24 months, 4.4-fold that of high-income neighborhoods, and an 11% reduction in measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake at 24 months, 5.6-fold that of high-income neighborhoods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased disparity in routine infant vaccination during COVID-19

Righolt

Pabla

Mahmud

2022

Preprint

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Background COVID-19 restrictions and its impact on healthcare resources have reduced routine infant vaccine uptake, although some report that this effect was short-lived. These prior studies mostly described entire populations, but disparities in uptake may have changed during the pandemic due to differential access to healthcare. Objectives We aimed to examine disparities in the reduction in routine infant vaccine uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada. Methods We assessed vaccine uptake for routine infant vaccines for a pre-pandemic and pandemic subcohort. We assessed how the reduction in vaccine uptake differed by gender, neighborhood income quintile and region of residence. For each evaluation age, we limited the pandemic subcohort to children reaching this milestone age on/before November 30, 2021. Results Vaccine uptake was about 5-10% lower during the pandemic. The groups most vulnerable to COVID-19 saw the largest reductions in vaccine uptake, with an ongoing downward trend throughout the pandemic. Children in the lowest income neighborhoods saw a 17% reduction in diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis dose 4 uptake at 24 months, 4.4-fold that of high-income neighborhoods, and an 11% reduction in measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake at 24 months, 5.6-fold that of high-income neighborhoods. The largest reductions were for low-income Northern residents and smallest for high-income Winnipeg residents, e.g. 16-fold larger for MMR at 24 months (79:94 pre-pandemic to 65:93 during the pandemic). Conclusions While privileged children have similar high vaccine uptake as before the pandemic, children in populations hardest hit by COVID-19 continue seeing concerning reductions in routine infant vaccination. It is imperative that infant vaccination rates are increased, especially in communities with lower socioeconomic status, as a failure to do so could lead to persistent rebound epidemics in the most vulnerable populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased disparity in routine infant vaccination during COVID-19

Righolt

Pabla

Mahmud

2022

Preprint

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“…Disparities across the social ladder of the society concerning COVID-19 have been shown to concern mainly the access to test 36,60,61 , and the COVID-19 mortality and morbidity 62,63 . Even if dependence of SAR on some socio-economic variables have been shown in small samples in some countries 64,65 , it may be dependent on a particular situation or time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of mRNA vaccination and previous infections on SARS-CoV-2 transmission across four variants: adjusted analysis of 111’432 declared contacts

Mongin

Bürgisser

Laurie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and infections reduces the transmission of the virus. But it is not clear how the effect of immunity is shared between a reduction of the contagiousness and an increased protection against infection. To answer this question, we used a register of >50’000 SARS-CoV-2 positive index cases and their >110’000 declared contacts to estimate the association between secondary attack rate and immunity status (natural infection, vaccine, or both). Analyses were stratified per four SARS-Cov-2 variants and adjusted for index cases and contacts socio-demographic characteristics and the propensity of the contacts to be tested. The reduction of the propagation conferred by immunity was mainly a protection of the contacts against infection rather than a diminution of the contagiousness of the index cases. The largest immunity effect was conferred for both by natural infection, especially when recent for the contacts. Although of smaller amplitude, the effect of vaccination for index, i.e. the reduction of contagiousness, was less affected by SarS-CoV-2 variant and time since vaccination than the effect for contacts, i.e. the increase of protection against infection. Indeed, vaccination offered protection against infection only if given less than 6 months before and only for the variants preceding omicron, while the vaccination kept moderately reducing the index infectivity during the omicron wave, even when given more than 6 months ago. Hybrid immunity (vaccination and infection) did not have increased effectiveness than recent infection. These findings support the idea that vaccination also protects others, and highlight the need for the implementation of non-personal interventions reducing Sars-CoV-2 propagation, such as ventilation or air filtration.

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“…COVID‐19 case counts and societal responses to restrictions and vaccination also varied by regional health authority 7 . Testing during the second and third waves was highest in Northern (1008 per 100,000 person‐years) and lowest in Southern and Prairie Mountain (442 and 450 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively) 10 . Hence, COVID‐19 incidence rates were highest in Northern (140.6 per 100,000 person‐years) and lower in Prairie Mountain (24.3 per 100,000 person‐years), Interlake‐Eastern (35.6 per 100,000 person‐years), and Southern (41.0 per 100,000 person‐years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…7 Testing during the second and third waves was highest in Northern (1008 per 100,000 person‐years) and lowest in Southern and Prairie Mountain (442 and 450 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively). 10 Hence, COVID‐19 incidence rates were highest in Northern (140.6 per 100,000 person‐years) and lower in Prairie Mountain (24.3 per 100,000 person‐years), Interlake‐Eastern (35.6 per 100,000 person‐years), and Southern (41.0 per 100,000 person‐years). As of April 2022, two‐dose vaccination rates were 82.9% for Manitoba and were lowest in Southern (66%) and highest in Winnipeg (88%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cancer incidence during the COVID‐19 pandemic by region of residence in Manitoba, Canada: A cancer registry‐based interrupted time series study

Decker,

Feely,

Bucher

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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IntroductionHealth care in Manitoba, Canada is divided into five regions, each with unique geographies, demographics, health care access, and health status. COVID‐19‐related restrictions and subsequent responses also differed by region. To understand the impact of the pandemic on cancer incidence in the context of these differences, we examined age‐standardized cancer incidence rates by region over time before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe used a population‐based quasi‐experimental study design, population‐based data, and an interrupted time series analysis to examine the rate of new cancer diagnoses before (January 2015 until December 2019) and after the start of COVID‐19 and the interventions implemented to mitigate its impact (April 2020 until December 2021) by region.ResultsOverall cancer incidence differed by region and remained lower than expected in Winnipeg (4.6% deficit, 447 cases), Prairie Mountain (6.9% deficit, 125 cases), and Southern (13.0% deficit, 238 cases). Southern was the only region that had a significantly higher deficit in cases compared to Manitoba (ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.86, 0.99). Breast and colorectal cancer incidence decreased at the start of the pandemic in all regions except Northern. Lung cancer incidence decreased in the Interlake‐Eastern region and increased in the Northern region. Prostate cancer incidence increased in Interlake‐Eastern.ConclusionsThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer incidence differed by region. The deficit in the number of cases was largest in the southern region and was highest for breast and prostate cancers. Cancer incidence did not significantly decrease in the most northern, remote region.

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Patterns and descriptors of COVID-19 testing and lab-confirmed COVID-19 incidence in Manitoba, Canada, March 2020-May 2021: A population-based study

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Increased disparity in routine infant vaccination during COVID-19

Increased disparity in routine infant vaccination during COVID-19

Effect of mRNA vaccination and previous infections on SARS-CoV-2 transmission across four variants: adjusted analysis of 111’432 declared contacts

Cancer incidence during the COVID‐19 pandemic by region of residence in Manitoba, Canada: A cancer registry‐based interrupted time series study

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