Patterns and cycles in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind and wave data

Stopa, Justin E.; Cheung, Kwok Fai; Tolman, Hendrik L.; Chawla, Arun

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.10.005

Cited by 125 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The broad-band signals of the EOFs support the dynamic nature of the North Atlantic Ocean [Sterl et al, 1998]. However, the climate cycles are often described by their inter-annual variability in the literature [e.g., Wang and Swail, 2001;Sterl and Caires, 2005;Fan et al, 2012;Stopa et al, 2013a;Bromirski et al, 2013]. The results show that the intra-annual and interannual oscillations have similar magnitude and comparable roles in basin-scale climate cycles.…”

Section: Atlantic Oceansupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Recent studies have applied climate indices to explain the inter-annual wave variability in the North Atlantic [Bacon and Carter, 1991;Swail and Cox, 2000;Woolf et al, 2002;Gulev and Grigorieva, 2006], North Pacific [Graham and Diaz, 2001;Tsai et al, 2012;Bromirski et al, 2013], Southern Ocean [Hemer et al, 2008[Hemer et al, , 2010Bosserelle et al, 2011], Northern Hemisphere [Shimura et al, 2013], and globally Sterl and Caires, 2005;Young, 1999;Izaguirre et al, 2011;Fan et al, 2012;Stopa et al, 2013a]. The EOF approach in the time domain allows comparison with findings from previous studies and provides a basis to relate the frequency domain results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 150 day period shows a dominant feature centered west of the British Isles as seen in mode 1 of the EOF. Stopa et al [2013a] shows strong correlation of this region with the AO suggesting that the 150 day oscillation is an important component of the climate cycle. The 119 day component has peaks at 40 N and 60 N that align with the two phases of the AO as shown in the EOF of the geopotential height in Figure 1.…”

Section: Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The results also show signals associated with the North Atlantic trade winds. In particular, mode 3 has a distinct peak in the trade wind region east of the Caribbean Islands that might be associated with the ENSO because this region was well correlated to the phenomena by Stopa et al [2013a]. In comparison to the time domain EOFs, the South Atlantic has much reduced energy with the exception of the localized peak near the Strait of Magellan south of Chile.…”

Section: Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows more intricate studies of the climate impacts from extratropical cyclones to nearshore processes [e.g., Wang et al, 2006;Bromirski et al, 2013]. The 30-plus years of reanalysis data have enabled studies of inter-annual climate cycles [Fan et al, 2012;Stopa et al, 2013a]. In this paper, we implement a combined Fourier transform and EOF approach to investigate the climate periodicity and patterns of the CFSR wind and wave data sets from Saha et al [2010] and Chawla et al [2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate

Stopa

Cheung

2014

JGR Oceans

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The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) provides a wealth of information spanning 1979-2009 for investigation of ocean wind and wave climate. Preprocessing of the data is necessary to remove the dominant seasonal signals and to create time series of semimonthly averaged wind speed and significant wave height over a 0.5 global grid. We perform an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to extract the dominant space-time patterns. The results for the three major ocean basins show strong zonal structures in the winds and saturation of the swells corroborating prior works with various data sets. We reexamine the CFSR data in the frequency domain to identify periodic signals associated with published climate indices. The Fourier transform of the preprocessed time series generates spectra ranging from 1 month to 15 years period for an EOF analysis. The results demonstrate the spatial structures and periods of climate phenomena. The Arctic Oscillation dominates the Atlantic basin with a broad range of intra-annual signals off the European coasts. The Indian and Pacific Oceans are strongly influenced by inter-annual cycles of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctica Oscillation. The Indian Ocean also has strong intra-annual components ranging from 50 to 80 days period. The ENSO proves to be a ubiquitous signal around the globe, and in particular, saturates the Pacific with strong influences in the equatorial region and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies. A commonality of all basins is that the magnitude and the spatial structure of the intra-annual and inter-annual signals are similar suggesting a wide range of periods in each of the climate cycles examined.

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Section: Atlantic Oceansupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate

Stopa

Cheung

2014

JGR Oceans

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The fine structure of double‐frequency microseisms recorded by seismometers in North America

Koper

Burlacu

2015

JGR Solid Earth

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We performed a frequency-dependent polarization analysis on ambient seismic energy recorded by 1768 USArray Transportable Array (TA) seismometers for the time period of 1 April 2004 through 31 October 2014. The seismic energy has strong seasonal variations in power and polarization at essentially all stations; however, the annual variation is much smaller. One year of data is sufficient to determine the average properties of the ambient seismic wavefield at a particular site. The average power and dominant period in the double-frequency (DF) microseism band, defined here as periods of 2-10 s, vary significantly and coherently across North America. Proximity to a coastline generally leads to increased DF microseism amplitude, but site geology is much more important, with sedimentary basins having especially large DF amplitudes. The western U.S. as a whole has longer dominant DF periods than the central and eastern U.S., with the southeastern U.S. having the shortest dominant DF periods. Power spectral density estimates at many TA stations show a splitting of the DF microseism peak into two distinct subpeaks. This has been observed previously in data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers, with the shorter-period DF peak attributed to the local sea and the longer-period DF peak attributed to more distant, coastally generated microseisms. In the case of the land-based TA data analyzed here, the DF splitting arises from simultaneous microseism generation at various source areas (Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico) with distinct, preferred excitation frequencies. DF microseism source properties derived from global models of ocean wave interaction support this interpretation.

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Wave climatology in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior

Anderson

Schwab

2015

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The wave climate of the Apostle Islands in Lake Superior for 35 year was hindcast and examined using a third-generation spectral wave model. Wave measurements within the Apostle Islands and offshore NOAA buoys were used to validate the model. Statistics of the significant wave height, peak wave period, and mean wave direction were computed to reveal the spatial variability of wave properties within the archipelago for average and extreme events. Extreme value analysis was performed to estimate the significant wave height at the 1, 10, and 100 year return periods. Significant wave heights in the interior areas of the islands vary spatially but are approximately half those immediately offshore of the islands. Due to reduced winter ice cover and a clockwise shift in wind direction over the hindcast period, long-term trend analysis indicates an increasing trend of significant wave heights statistics by as much as 2% per year, which is approximately an order of magnitude greater than similar analysis performed in the global ocean for areas unaffected by ice. Two scientific questions related to wave climate are addressed. First, the wave climate change due to the relative role of changing wind fields or ice covers over the past 35 years was revealed. Second, potential bluff erosion affected by the change of wave climate and the trend of lower water levels in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior was examined.

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Patterns and cycles in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind and wave data

Cited by 125 publications

References 42 publications

Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate

Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate

The fine structure of double‐frequency microseisms recorded by seismometers in North America

Wave climatology in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior

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