Patterning and morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear

Bok, Jinwoong; Chang, Weise; Wu, Doris K.

doi:10.1387/ijdb.072381jb

Cited by 133 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…Developmental studies of laboratory Mus have characterized a network of genes for the morphogenesis of the cochlea [34 -36], for specifying sensory and neural progenitors and for patterning the sensory epithelium [35,36]. Some genes are specifically patterning the cochlear nerve and its ganglion [37,38]; still other genes are involved in epithelio-mesenchymal interaction, in which the sensory epithelial and the neural tissues [34,35]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some genes are specifically patterning the cochlear nerve and its ganglion [37,38]; still other genes are involved in epithelio-mesenchymal interaction, in which the sensory epithelial and the neural tissues [34,35]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38]). Possibly, similar developmental processes for the base-to-apex growth of cochlear ganglion [37], and for the base-to-apex differentiation of hair cells in mice [35,36], may have similarly underlined the base-to-apex evolution of the neomorphic and therian-like innervation in phylogeny, as indicated by the direction of transformation of the cochlear ganglion canal in fossils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fossil evidence on evolution of inner ear cochlea in Jurassic mammals

et al. 2010

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The coiled cochlea is a key evolutionary innovation of modern therian mammals. We report that the Late Jurassic mammal Dryolestes, a relative to modern therians, has derived bony characteristics of therian-like innervation, but its uncoiled cochlear canal is less derived than the coiled cochlea of modern therians. This suggests a therian-like innervation evolved before the fully coiled cochlea in phylogeny. The embryogenesis of the cochlear nerve and ganglion in the inner ear of mice is now known to be patterned by neurogenic genes, which we hypothesize to have influenced the formation of the auditory nerve and its ganglion in Jurassic therian evolution, as shown by their osteological correlates in Dryolestes, and by the similar base-to-apex progression in morphogenesis of the ganglion in mice, and in transformation of its canal in phylogeny. The cochlear innervation in Dryolestes is the precursory condition in the curve-tocoil transformation of the cochlea in mammalian phylogeny. This provides the timing of the evolution, and where along the phylogeny the morphogenetic genes were co-opted into patterning the cochlear innervation, and the full coiling of the cochlea in modern therians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fossil evidence on evolution of inner ear cochlea in Jurassic mammals

et al. 2010

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“…In the present issue, Doris Wu and her colleagues (Bok et al, 2007) review the available knowledge on the molecular basis of ear morphogenesis and how it is coupled to the development of the different ear sensory organs. The ticularly the neural tube.…”

Section: Ear Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular biology of ear development - "Twenty years are nothing"

Giráldez

Fritzsch²

2007

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Views of classical biological problems changed dramatically with the rise of molecular biology as a common framework. It was indeed the new language of life sciences. Molecular biology increasingly moved us towards a unified view of developmental genetics as ideas and techniques were imported to vertebrates from other biological systems where genetics was in a more advanced state. The ultimate advance has been the ability to actually perform genetic manipulations in vertebrate organisms that were almost unthinkable before. During the last two decades these technical advances entered into and affected the research on ear development. These events are still very recent and have been with us for no longer than two decades, which is the reason for the title of this article. This new scenario forms the basis of the current and productive work of many laboratories, and this is what this Special Issue of The International Journal of Developmental Biology wants to show, presenting a snapshot of insights at the beginning of the 21st Century. In this article, we give an overview of the topics that are addressed in this Ear Development Special Issue, and also we take the opportunity to informally dig into the genealogy of some of those topics, trying to link the current work with some classical work of the past. KEY WORDS: cell fate, patterning, hair cell, otic neuron, morphogenesis, evolution, regenerationEach time is characterised by the field of possibility that defines not only the standing theories or beliefs, but also the nature of the objects which are accessible to analysis, the means to look at them and the way to observe and to talk about them. (Jacob, 1976) There has been a sustained interest in ear developmental biology all throughout the 20 th century. As with many other fields in biology and neurosciences, this interest is in part rooted in curiosity and in part is driven by the intent to understand and cure diseases. There is an immense catalogue of histological observations and clever experimental manipulations of the embryonic ear that have contributed to an increase in our knowledge of the development of the ear and that was able to paint a picture of ear development by the end of the eighties (see Rubel, 1978; and the report of the Holte Symposium (Cremers et al., 1987). The view at the end of the eighties, however detailed, remained descriptive and phenomenological: the gap between cells, genes and proteins was Int. J. Dev. Biol. 51: 429-438 (2007) still too large and many processes were unknown leaving "the widest gap to be filled… to understanding how cells with identical genomes may become differentiated" (Jacob, 1947). Thirty years elapsed from the publishing of the double helix in 1953 to the polymerase chain reaction (Saiki et al., 1985) and during this period of time the whole of biology was changed and set a new paradigm. Views of classical biological problems, changed dramatically with the rise of molecular biology as a common framework. It was indeed the new language of life scien...

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“…The otic vesicle changes its shape to a complex inner ear that has the cochlea, the vestibule and the three semicircular canals (Bissonnette and Fekete 1996;Torres and Giraldez 1998). Mechanisms of placode induction and regionalization within the otic vesicle have been focused recently in various model organisms (Ozaki et al 2004;Miyazaki et al 2006;Bok et al 2007;Omata et al 2007; Schneider-Maunoury and epithelium as a semicircular canal. In the chick embryo, the cells in the fusion plate disappear within few hours between stage 27.5 and to stage 28.5 (Bissonnette and Fekete 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Mechanism of Semicircular Canal Morphogenesis in Chick Inner Ear

Kobayashi

Nakamura

Funahashi

2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Semicircular canals are sensory organs for balance, consisting of fluid-filled tubules that are arranged perpendicularly to each other in inner ear. The precise mechanism of the morphogenesis of this unique organ is still under investigation. Semicircular canals arise from the flattened pouch of epithelium. The centers of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate. The clearing of the fusion plate makes a hole and leaves the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Three mechanisms have been proposed for this clearing: programmed cell death, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and retraction of the cells in the fusion plate to surrounding semicircular canals. Previous studies have revealed programmed cell death in the fusion plate, although other two hypotheses were not disproved. Here we examined the contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial retraction to the morphogenesis of semicircular canals. We analyzed immunohistochemically the structural change in the epithelium of the developing fusion plate using molecular markers, basal lamina component laminin, cytoskeletal F-actin, and cellular junctional marker β -catenin. Our observation revealed that fusion plate epithelium lost its apico-basal polarity and intermingled with facing fusion plate cells, associated with the disruption of basal lamina. Moreover, there were several cells with mesenchymal appearance adjacent to the torn basal lamina. We also found the merging of apposing basal laminae at the border between forming canal and breaking fusion plate. These observations suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, rather than the epithelial retraction, may be responsible for clearing fusion plate cells. laminin; β -catenin; F-actin; basal lamina; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2008, 215 (3), 207-217. © 2008 Tohoku University Medical PressThe inner ear arises from the otic placode which is a patch of thickening epithelial tissue in the head ectoderm adjacent to the hindbrain. The otic placode invaginates to become the otic vesicle which is a simple fluid-filled sphere of epithelium. The otic vesicle changes its shape to a complex inner ear that has the cochlea, the vestibule and the three semicircular canals (Bissonnette and Fekete 1996;Torres and Giraldez 1998). Mechanisms of placode induction and regionalization within the otic vesicle have been focused recently in various model organisms (Ozaki et al.

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Patterning and morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear

Cited by 133 publications

References 100 publications

Fossil evidence on evolution of inner ear cochlea in Jurassic mammals

Fossil evidence on evolution of inner ear cochlea in Jurassic mammals

The molecular biology of ear development - "Twenty years are nothing"

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Mechanism of Semicircular Canal Morphogenesis in Chick Inner Ear

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