Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons

Guthrie, Sarah

doi:10.1038/nrn2254

Cited by 176 publications

(195 citation statements)

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“…Thus, at all axial levels, TSHZ3 was coexpressed with PHOX2b in postmitotic bm and vm motoneurons. Coimmunodetection of TSHZ3 with Nkx2.2 (data not shown) confirmed that TSHZ3ϩ cells located ventrally in the mantle layer derived from the vm/bm neuron progenitor (p3) domain (Guthrie, 2007). At E11.5, the ventral bm/vm neurons in the caudal hindbrain had migrated dorsally to form the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX) and the nA.…”

Section: Tshz3 Is Expressed In a Subset Of Developing Cranial Motoneumentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Hox and Tshz genes are critical for segment identity, and in Drosophila TSHZ acts as a cofactor of HOX proteins (Manfroid et al, 2004;Taghli-Lamallem et al, 2007). Interestingly, Tshz3 mutation affects motor activity and breathing rhythms, two activities that are also controlled by Hox genes (Chatonnet et al, 2003; Guthrie, 2007). Thus, Tshz3 may be considered to be one of the key regulators of neonatal breathing behavior.…”

Section: Tshz3 Mutation Impairs Survival Of Motoneurons Of the Nucleumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important progress has been made in the analysis of mechanisms required for generating diversity in brainstem motoneurons (Guthrie, 2007), but little is known about the genetic specification of the upper airway motoneurons. Moreover, although transcription factors such as MafB, Tlx1/3, Phox2b, Egr2, and Math1 have been shown to play important roles in the specification of neurons constituting the two oscillators of the RRG (Blanchi et al, 2003;Cheng et al, 2004;Pagliardini et al, 2008;Dubreuil et al, 2009;Rose et al, 2009;Thoby-Brisson et al, 2009), it is not clear how the necessary coordination with the airway motoneurons is set up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Caubit¹,

Thoby‐Brisson²,

Voituron³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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Neonatal breathing in mammals involves multiple neuronal circuits, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Mice deficient for the zinc finger protein Teashirt 3 (TSHZ3) fail to breathe and die at birth. Tshz3 is expressed in multiple areas of the brainstem involved in respiration, including the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), the embryonic parafacial respiratory group (e-pF), and cranial motoneurons that control the upper airways. Tshz3 inactivation led to pronounced cell death of motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus and induced strong alterations of rhythmogenesis in the e-pF oscillator. In contrast, the preBötC oscillator appeared to be unaffected. These deficits result in impaired upper airway function, abnormal central respiratory rhythm generation, and altered responses to pH changes. Thus, a single gene, Tshz3, controls the development of diverse components of the circuitry required for breathing.

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Section: Tshz3 Is Expressed In a Subset Of Developing Cranial Motoneumentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Tshz3 Mutation Impairs Survival Of Motoneurons Of the Nucleumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Caubit¹,

Thoby‐Brisson²,

Voituron³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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show abstract

“…Maintaining these functions is achieved by communicating between central/ peripheral nervous systems via ascending/descending reticular networks. Brainstem centers, including cranial nerve, respiration, auditory, and precerebellar nuclei, process sensory/motor information to mediate these high-order activities (Altman and Bayer, 1997;Wang and Zoghbi, 2001;Ryugo and Parks, 2003;Milsom et al, 2004;Oertel and Young, 2004;Guthrie, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Patterns and Targets of dA1 Interneurons in the Chick Hindbrain

Kohl

Hadas²,

Klar³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Hindbrain dorsal interneurons that comprise the rhombic lip relay sensory information and coordinate motor outputs. The progenitor dA1 subgroup of interneurons, which is formed along the dorsal-most region of the caudal rhombic lip, gives rise to the cochlear and precerebellar nuclei. These centers project sensory inputs toward upper-brain regions. The fundamental role of dA1 interneurons in the assembly and function of these brainstem nuclei is well characterized. However, the precise en route axonal patterns and synaptic targets of dA1 interneurons are not clear as of yet. Novel genetic tools were used to label dA1 neurons and trace their axonal trajectories and synaptic connections at various stages of chick embryos. Using dA1-specific enhancers, two contralateral ascending axonal projection patterns were identified; one derived from rhombomeres 6 -7 that elongated in the dorsal funiculus, while the other originated from rhombomeres 2-5 and extended in the lateral funiculus. Targets of dA1 axons were followed at later stages using PiggyBac-mediated DNA transposition. dA1 axons were found to project and form synapses in the auditory nuclei and cerebellum. Investigation of mechanisms that regulate the patterns of dA1 axons revealed a fundamental role of Lim-homeodomain (HD) proteins. Switch in the expression of the specific dA1 Lim-HD proteins Lhx2/9 into Lhx1, which is typically expressed in dB1 interneurons, modified dA1 axonal patterns to project along the routes of dB1 subgroup. Together, the results of this research provided new tools and knowledge to the assembly of trajectories and connectivity of hindbrain dA1 interneurons and of molecular mechanisms that control these patterns.

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“…The hindbrain serves as an excellent system to study regional specification and pattern formation, as its early development is devoted to the formation of 7 to 8 repetitive segments, termed rhombomeres, along the anteriorposterior (AP) axis of all vertebrates [3]. Each rhombomere is a lineage-restricted compartment which underlies unique patterns of gene expression, neural crest migration and neuronal differentiation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Individual rhombomeres are separated from their neighbors by well-defined boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Role of Hindbrain Boundaries as Pools of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Regulated by Sox2

Sela-Donenfeld

Peretz

2017

Mechanisms of Development

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Background: Compartment boundaries are an essential developmental mechanism throughout evolution, designated to act as organizing centers and to regulate and localize differently fated cells. The hindbrain serves as a fascinating example for this phenomenon as its early development is devoted to the formation of repetitive rhombomeres and their well-defined boundaries in all vertebrates. Yet, the actual role of hindbrain boundaries remains unresolved, especially in amniotes.Results: Here, we report that hindbrain boundaries in the chick embryo consist of a subset of cells expressing the key neural stem cell (NSC) gene Sox2. These cells co-express other neural progenitor markers such as Transitin (the avian Nestin), GFAP, Pax6 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The majority of the Sox2 + cells that reside within the boundary core are slow-dividing, whereas nearer to and within rhombomeres Sox2 + cells are largely proliferating. In vivo analyses and cell tracing experiments revealed the contribution of boundary Sox2 + cells to neurons in a ventricular-to-mantle manner within the boundaries, as well as their lateral contribution to proliferating Sox2 + cells in rhombomeres. The generation of boundary-derived neurospheres from hindbrain cultures confirmed the typical NSC behavior of boundary cells as a multipotent and self-renewing Sox2 + cell population. Inhibition of Sox2 in boundaries led to enhanced and aberrant neural differentiation together with inhibition in cell-proliferation, whereas Sox2 mis-expression attenuated neurogenesis, confirming its significant function in hindbrain neuronal organization.

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Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons

Cited by 176 publications

References 170 publications

Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Axonal Patterns and Targets of dA1 Interneurons in the Chick Hindbrain

A New Role of Hindbrain Boundaries as Pools of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Regulated by Sox2

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