Patterning a Leaf by Establishing Polarities

Manuela, Darren; Xu, Mingli

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.568730

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…Cells that are destined to appear on the adaxial side of the leaf are determined by HD-ZIP III and related transcription factors, while those that are destined to appear on the abaxial side of the leaf are established and maintained by YABBY (YAB) and KANADI (KAN) transcription factors. These adaxial and abaxial cell fate regulators are coordinated by auxin and a transcription factor called ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2), which act on flattened leaves during their development ( Wu et al, 2008 ; Jun et al, 2010 ; Husbands et al, 2015 ; Manuela and Xu, 2020 ). However, the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of these regulators and their effect on leaf development should be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LFR Physically and Genetically Interacts With SWI/SNF Component SWI3B to Regulate Leaf Blade Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2021

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Leaves start to develop at the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem. Thereafter, symmetric and flattened leaf laminae are formed. These events are simultaneously regulated by auxin, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulatory factors. However, the relationships among these factors are not well known. In this study, we conducted protein-protein interaction assays to show that our previously reported Leaf and Flower Related (LFR) physically interacted with SWI3B, a component of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex in Arabidopsis. The results of truncated analysis and transgenic complementation showed that the N-terminal domain (25–60 amino acids) of LFR was necessary for its interaction with SWI3B and was crucial for LFR functions in Arabidopsis leaf development. Genetic results showed that the artificial microRNA knockdown lines of SWI3B (SWI3B-amic) had a similar upward-curling leaf phenotype with that of LFR loss-of-function mutants. ChIP-qPCR assay was conducted to show that LFR and SWI3B co-targeted the promoters of YABBY1/FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (YAB1/FIL) and IAA carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (IAMT1), which were misexpressed in lfr and SWI3B-amic mutants. In addition, the association between LFR and the FIL and IAMT1 loci was partly hampered by the knockdown of SWI3B. These data suggest that LFR interacts with the chromatin-remodeling complex component, SWI3B, and influences the transcriptional expression of the important transcription factor, FIL, and the auxin metabolism enzyme, IAMT1, in flattened leaf lamina development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LFR Physically and Genetically Interacts With SWI/SNF Component SWI3B to Regulate Leaf Blade Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2021

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“…Adaxial and abaxial patterning in air space development. The adaxial/abaxial patterning of mesophyll cell types is controlled by well-known genetic regulators of adaxial/abaxial leaf patterning, including genes from the HDZIPIII (adaxial) and KANADI (abaxial) families (reviewed in [21]). For example, A. thaliana or Antirrhinum majus plants lacking adaxial identity form leaves containing only spongy mesophyll cells [22,23].…”

Section: What Molecular Mechanisms Control and Pattern Leaf Air Space Formation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaxial/abaxial patterning of mesophyll cell types is controlled by well-known genetic regulators of adaxial/abaxial leaf patterning, including genes from the HDZIPIII (adaxial) and KANADI (abaxial) families (reviewed in [ 21 ]). For example, A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riddled with holes: Understanding air space formation in plant leaves

Whitewoods

2021

PLoS Biol

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Plants use energy from sunlight to transform carbon dioxide from the air into complex organic molecules, ultimately producing much of the food we eat. To make this complex chemistry more efficient, plant leaves are intricately constructed in 3 dimensions: They are flat to maximise light capture and contain extensive internal air spaces to increase gas exchange for photosynthesis. Many years of work has built up an understanding of how leaves form flat blades, but the molecular mechanisms that control air space formation are poorly understood. Here, I review our current understanding of air space formation and outline how recent advances can be harnessed to answer key questions and take the field forward. Increasing our understanding of plant air spaces will not only allow us to understand a fundamental aspect of plant development, but also unlock the potential to engineer the internal structure of crops to make them more efficient at photosynthesis with lower water requirements and more resilient in the face of a changing environment.

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“…Briefly, markers of layer identity, such as the HD-ZIP class IV genes MERISTEM L1 LAYER ( ATML1 ) or PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 ( PDF2 ) in Arabidopsis ( Lu et al, 1996 ; Abe et al, 2003 ), specify epidermal identity from the embryonic stage onwards. Later, as floral organs initiate, their adaxial/abaxial polarity is established by genes, such as the KANADI and YABBY genes (abaxial side) and HD-ZIP class III genes (adaxial side; Siegfried et al, 1999 ; Kerstetter et al, 2001 ; Emery et al, 2003 ; Manuela and Xu, 2020 ), and their proximo-distal polarity is established by genes, such as BLADE ON PETIOLE1 ( BOP1 ) and BOP2 , TCP genes or JAGGED ( Hepworth et al, 2005 ; Norberg et al, 2005 ; Sauret-Gueto et al, 2013 ; Huang and Irish, 2015 ). More or less simultaneously, the B-class MADS-box genes specify petal identity, in a floral context specified by A- and E-class genes.…”

Section: From Organ Identity To Cell Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Petal Cellular Identities

2021

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Petals are typified by their conical epidermal cells that play a predominant role for the attraction and interaction with pollinators. However, cell identities in the petal can be very diverse, with different cell types in subdomains of the petal, in different cell layers, and depending on their adaxial-abaxial or proximo-distal position in the petal. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the main cell types that can be found in the petal and describe some of their functions. We review what is known about the genetic basis for the establishment of these cellular identities and their possible relation with petal identity and polarity specifiers expressed earlier during petal development, in an attempt to bridge the gap between organ identity and cell identity in the petal.

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Patterning a Leaf by Establishing Polarities

Cited by 36 publications

References 166 publications

LFR Physically and Genetically Interacts With SWI/SNF Component SWI3B to Regulate Leaf Blade Development in Arabidopsis

LFR Physically and Genetically Interacts With SWI/SNF Component SWI3B to Regulate Leaf Blade Development in Arabidopsis

Riddled with holes: Understanding air space formation in plant leaves

Petal Cellular Identities

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