Patterned Optical Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Farah, Nairouz; Reutsky, Inna; Shoham, Sharon

doi:10.1109/iembs.2007.4353812

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…23 Similar treatments were shown to evoke changes in behavior in rat models of RP. 43,44 Furthermore, blind transgenic mice 45 and rats 46 have been generated that express ChR2 only in a subset of ganglion cells. The retinas of these transgenic animals regained light sensitivity and the rats showed visually guided behavior.…”

Section: Strategies For Optogenetic Restoration Of Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic therapy for retinitis pigmentosa

et al. 2011

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a diverse group of progressive, hereditary diseases of the retina that lead to incurable blindness and affect two million people worldwide. Artificial photoreceptors constructed by gene delivery of light-activated channels or pumps ('optogenetic tools') to surviving cell types in the remaining retinal circuit has been shown to restore photosensitivity in animal models of RP at the level of the retina and cortex as well as behaviorally. The translational potential of this optogenetic approach has been evaluated using in vitro studies involving post-mortem human retinas. Here, we review recent developments in this expanding field and discuss the potential and limitations of optogenetic engineering for the treatment of RP.

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Section: Strategies For Optogenetic Restoration Of Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic therapy for retinitis pigmentosa

et al. 2011

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“…Several promising approaches involving cell transplantation (MacLaren et al, 2006) as well as direct electrical (Zrenner, 2002;Hetling and Baig-Silva, 2004;Weiland et al, 2005;Fried et al, 2006;Sekirnjak et al, 2006) and optical (Bi et al, 2006;Farah et al, 2007) stimulation of surviving RGCs are currently being pursued. A major impasse is the inability to stimulate different retinal pathways selectively, which is a necessary step for the recovery of normal vision.…”

Section: Strategies For Selective Stimulation Of Visual Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Stability of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Degeneration-Induced Changes in Synaptic Input

Margolis¹,

Newkirk²,

Euler³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience

196

262

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Glutamate released from photoreceptors controls the activity and output of parallel pathways in the retina. When photoreceptors die because of degenerative diseases, surviving retinal networks are left without their major source of input, but little is known about how photoreceptor loss affects ongoing synaptic activity and retinal output. Here, we use patch-clamp recording and two-photon microscopy to investigate morphological and physiological properties of identified types of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the adult (36 -210 d old) retinal degeneration rd-1/rd-1 mouse. We find that strong rhythmic synaptic input drives ongoing oscillatory spike activity in both ON and OFF RGCs at a fundamental "beating" frequency of ϳ10 Hz. Despite this aberrant activity, ON and OFF cells maintain their characteristic dendritic stratification, intrinsic firing properties, including rebound firing in OFF cells, balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition, and dendritic calcium signaling. Thus, RGCs are inherently stable during degeneration-induced retinal activity.

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“…For instance, ChR could be activated by blue light and excite the cells, while NpHR and Arch could be activated by yellow light for inhibition. Several studies targeted retina cells including RGCs and bipolar cells with ChR2, and successfully restored the visual function by selectively expressing ChR2 in subpopulation (such as only ONbipolar cell) but not all cells (Bi et al 2006;Farah et al 2007;Lagali et al 2008;Thyagarajan et al 2010;Tomita et al 2010;Zhang et al 2009). And in recent years the protocols to deliver ChR2 into retina with AAV vector was modified and matured (Ivanova et al 2010;Ivanova and Pan 2009;Tomita et al 2010).…”

Section: Optogenetics: Prospective Approach For Eye Disease Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based gene therapy for eye diseases

Wang

Liu

Song³

et al. 2011

Cell Tissue Bank

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Gene therapy emerged as important approach in treatment for many inborn disorders caused by genetic defects, as well as other diseases. This manuscript focused on Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based gene therapy to eye diseases. The paper firstly introduced the AAV vectors and the techniques of eye delivery, then summarized some tested genes that were used in past treatment to retinal degeneration disorders. Finally the paper discussed the updated optogenetics and its roles in AAV based gene therapy for eye diseases.

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Patterned Optical Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Optogenetic therapy for retinitis pigmentosa

Optogenetic therapy for retinitis pigmentosa

Functional Stability of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Degeneration-Induced Changes in Synaptic Input

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based gene therapy for eye diseases

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