Pattern-selective adaptation in visual cortical neurones

Movshon, J. Anthony; Lennie, Peter

doi:10.1038/278850a0

Cited by 421 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is no evidence for saturation in these experiments. Neurophysiological studies of adaptation in single cells of the cat's visual cortex have mostly used shorter adaptation durations leading to comparatively short-lived aftereffects (Maffei et al, 1973;Vautin and Berkley, 1977;Movshon and Lennie, 1979;Dean, 1983). However, Creutzfeldt and Heggelund ( 1975) exposed adult cats to high-contrast vertical gratings for two one-hour sessions per day over a period of 2 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marathon adaptation to spatial contrast: Saturation in sight

Magnussen

Greenlee

1985

Vision Research

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Abstract-The contrast thresholds for detecting a 6.0 c/deg vertical sinusoidal test grating were tracked during and after 3 hr inspection of a high-contrast adapting grating of the same spatial frequency and orientation. Log contrast threshold increased linearly with log adaptation time, attaining a final stable value after approximately 30 and 60 min of adaptation for the two subjects tested. The recovery function was likewise linear on double logarithmic axes. The results further suggest that adaptation beyond the saturation point had no influence on the subsequent rate of recovery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marathon adaptation to spatial contrast: Saturation in sight

Magnussen

Greenlee

1985

Vision Research

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“…Indeed, that model predicts a larger aftereffect for less extreme adaptors, which will have a greater effect on neurons tuned to the average face. Only the opponent coding model predicts that a more physically extreme adaptor (e.g., a face with lips much smaller than the average) will produce a larger change in the perception of the average face than a less extreme adaptor because adaptation reduces neural response in proportion to the adapted firing rate (e.g., Maddess, McCourt, Blakeslee, & Cunningham, 1988;Movshon & Lennie, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced face identity aftereffects in relatives of children with autism

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tAutism is a pervasive developmental condition with complex aetiology. To aid the discovery of genetic mechanisms, researchers have turned towards identifying potential endophenotypes -subtle neurobiological or neurocognitive traits present in individuals with autism and their ''unaffected'' relatives. Previous research has shown that relatives of individuals with autism exhibit face processing atypicalities, which are similar in nature albeit of lesser degree, to those found in children and adults with autism. Yet very few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms responsible for such atypicalities. Here, we investigated whether atypicalities in adaptive norm-based coding of faces are present in relatives of children with autism, similar to those previously reported in children with autism. To test this possibility, we administered a face identity aftereffect task in which adaptation to a particular face biases perception towards the opposite identity, so that a previously neutral face (i.e., the average face) takes on the computationally opposite identity. Parents and siblings of individuals with autism showed smaller aftereffects compared to parents and siblings of typically developing children, especially so when the adapting stimuli were located further away from the average face. In addition, both groups showed stronger aftereffects for adaptors far from the average than for adaptors closer to the average. These results suggest that, in relatives of children with autism, face-coding mechanism are similar (i.e., norm-based) but less efficient than in relatives of typical children. This finding points towards the possibility that diminished adaptive mechanisms might represent a neurocognitive endophenotype for autism.

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“…After the discovery of feature-selective neurons in the visual pathway it was natural to attribute such e¡ects to`fatigue' of neurons speci¢cally sensitive to the potent stimulus (Sutherland 1961); such adaptation was soon demonstrated neurophysiologically in the retina (Barlow & Hill 1963) and is a ubiquitous feature of the response of V1 neurons in the cat (Ma¡ei et al 1973;Vautin & Berkeley 1977;Movshon & Lennie 1979;Ohzawa et al 1982;Carandini & Ferster 1997) and monkey (Sclar et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the contingent after-e¡ects, this mechanism would explain the speci¢city of adaptation observed in single neurons. For example, adaptation to a spatial frequency on one £ank of a neuron's tuning curve depresses the responses to test stimuli on that £ank more than on the other £ank (Movshon & Lennie 1979;Saul & Cynader 1989a,b). This selectivity of adaptation could result from the simultaneous activity of the tested neuron and of a population of other neurons, this population varying with the adapting frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to contingencies in macaque primary visual cortex

Carandini

Barlow

O’Keefe

et al. 1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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We tested the hypothesis that neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) adapt selectively to contingencies in the attributes of visual stimuli. We recorded from single neurons in macaque V1 and measured the e¡ects of adaptation either to the sum of two gratings (compound stimulus) or to the individual gratings. According to our hypothesis, there would be a component of adaptation that is speci¢c to the compound stimulus. In a ¢rst series of experiments, the two gratings di¡ered in orientation. One grating had optimal orientation and the other was orthogonal to it, and therefore did not activate the neuron under study. These experiments provided evidence in favour of our hypothesis. In most cells adaptation to the compound stimulus reduced responses to the compound stimulus more than it reduced responses to the optimal grating, and the responses to the compound stimulus were reduced more by adaptation to the compound stimulus than by adaptation to the individual gratings. This suggests that a component of adaptation was speci¢c to (and caused by) the simultaneous presence of the two orientations in the compound stimulus. To test whether V1 neurons could adapt to other contingencies in the stimulus attributes, we performed a second series of experiments, in which the component gratings were parallel but di¡ered in spatial frequency, and were both e¡ective in activating the neuron under study. These experiments failed to reveal convincing contingent e¡ects of adaptation, suggesting that neurons cannot adapt equally well to all types of contingency.

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Pattern-selective adaptation in visual cortical neurones

Cited by 421 publications

References 11 publications

Marathon adaptation to spatial contrast: Saturation in sight

Marathon adaptation to spatial contrast: Saturation in sight

Reduced face identity aftereffects in relatives of children with autism

Adaptation to contingencies in macaque primary visual cortex

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