Pattern of traumatised anterior teeth among adult Nigerians and complications from late presentation

Abstract

Background The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among adults presenting in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria, the time interval between injury and presentation in the hospital, the reasons for seeking treatment, and the complications arising due to late presentation.Methods Information obtained from history taking and clinical examination included Patient’s demographics, the when, where, and how of the injury, previous history of trauma, time elapsed between injury and presentation at the hospital, reason for seeking treatment, tooth/teeth involved, sensibility, tenderness to percussion, mobility, presence of discolouration, swelling, sinus tract, and mobility. Radiographic findings such as periapical radiolucency, pulp canal obliteration, and root resorption were also documented. TDI was classified using the Andreasen’s classification.ResultsOut of the 2645 adult patients that attended the outpatient clinic, 184 Presented with TDI giving a prevalence of 6.96 %. Their age range and mean age were 17–69 years and 30.6 ± 11.2 years respectively. Falls accounted for most (26.4 %) of the trauma to anterior teeth followed by motor cycle accidents (18.4 %) and domestic accidents (12.9 %), while opening bottle cork accounted for 1.2 %. The most common type of injury was enamel-dentine fracture accounting for 28.8 %, followed by complicated crown fracture 18.6 %, and avulsion 11.7 %. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected followed by the maxillary lateral incisors and canines. More than half (51.5 %) of the patients presented in the hospital more than 1 year after injury. Majority of patients in the age groups ≤20 and 51–60 sought treatment because of pain, while more of those in the age groups 21–30 and 31–40 sought treatment because of aesthetic considerations. Seventy three (45.3 %) of the patients presented with complications involving 138 teeth. Majority of the complications were in teeth with enamel-dentine fracture (93.4 %), followed by concussion injury (55.6 %).ConclusionsThe prevalence of TDI in this study falls within previously reported figures. However, the high number of teeth developing complications may have resulted from late presentation for care.

Traumatized anterior teeth in Southwest coastal population of India

“…Enabulele et al, based on Andreasen's classification reported that enamel dentine fracture accounted for 28.8%, followed by complicated crown fracture 18.6%, and tooth avulsion 11.7%. [5] In a study done by Majorana et al, radicular fractures were reported in both deciduous (3.8%) and permanent dentition (7.7%). [11] Maximum prevalence of fracture was reported in the age group of 20-30 years (42.7%) followed by age group of 30-40 years (23.6%).…”

“…In the Enabulele et al study conducted in Nigeria, majority of patients in the age groups ≤20 and 51-60 sought treatment because of pain, while the majority of those in the age groups 21-30 and 31-40 sought treatment because of aesthetic considerations. [5] Hegde and Sajnani have reported a higher population (20.2%) seeking treatment, and in a study done by Punja et al high rate of replacement of the missing anterior tooth was recorded. [7,16] Anterior tooth trauma was frequently seen in cases of Class I malocclusion with an overjet of 2-4 mm, this observation was not in accordance with the findings of the study by Hegde and Sajnani and Dosdoğru et al where anterior tooth trauma was seen frequently in cases of Angles Class I Division II.…”

“…The type of occupation and sport or recreational activities available in a particular region may pose as risk factors. [5] International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research • Vol. 3 • 2017 Based on studies done at different geographical locations and age groups, trauma to the anterior teeth is a serious dental health concern.…”

Assessment of the Need for Dental Treatment Resulting From Dental Trauma in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Studies have suggested that dental trauma is often not properly treated, being often neglected as an emergency care [14]. The high cost of initial care and the need for patient proservation, in some cases for a longer period of time, stands out [15,16].…”

Aesthetic Ignorance: The Prevalence of Traumatized Anterior Teeth among Adolescents in Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India

“…1,2 There are various complex factors like sports, recreational activities, accidents, violence, etc, that can lead to trauma in teeth, especially anterior ones. 3 In permanent dentition, they are frequently seen as enamel fractures and enamel and dentine fractures and have the potential of causing pain, loss of function with the potential for developing into a serious periapical sequelae. 4 Any injury causing any disfigurement of the patient's appearance imparts a deep psychological impact; can adversely affect the development of the permanent teeth and also has the ability to hamper the developing occlusion.…”