Pattern of Thyroid Diseases in Arar City, Northern Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Thyroid hormone acts as a vital factor of development and growth, and in adults plays a critical part in the regulation of the function and metabolism of virtually every organ system. Study objective: The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia and some related socio-demographic determinants. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used. A pre-designed online questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population and filled by participants after a brief introduction or explanation of the idea of the research to the public. Sampled participants filled out the self-reported predesigned questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and thyroid diseases related data. Results: The study included 160 participants. The total prevalence of thyroid diseases was 36(22.5%). Of the 36 reported cases of thyroid diseases, 11(30.5%) were reported as having hyperthyroidism and 25(69.5%) were having hypothyroidism. Of the 11 patients with hyperthyroidism9 (81.8%) were males and 2(18.2%) were females. Of the 25 patients with hypothyroidism, 4(16.0%) were males and 21(84.0%) were females. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is the prevalent form of thyroid diseases in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia, females: male ratio was about 1:5. Knowledge of various factors influencing thyroid dysfunction can help the public to guard against these prevalent diseases. More studies should be carried out in Arar city to stress on the individual thyroid disorder. The studies should be community based with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cases.

Assessment of Community Levels of Knowledge About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, its Risk Factors, Treatment, and Complications in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

“…But these methods are controversial as 15% of cases are not detected by examination or ultrasound at birth. The potential short and long-term complications of untreated DDH range from leg length discrepancy or waddling gait to hip arthritis in early adulthood [1,4]. This highlights the importance of DDH awareness and screening to help in early detection.…”

“…This highlights the importance of DDH awareness and screening to help in early detection. DDH management ranges from conservative management using Pavlik harness or closed reduction and hip spica in younger patients to surgical open reduction and pelvic osteotomy in older patients, with or without femoral shortening osteotomy [4].…”

“…According to another study in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, most cases were females, and two-thirds of the infants with DDH had unilateral hip dysplasia [6]. Moreover, a study held in Arar city, Saudi Arabia, showed that 70% of the affected children had a positive family history [4]. A systematic review of Saudi literature showed consanguinity as a risk factor in 32.9% of patients [3].…”

Prevalence of Suspected Cases of Hyperthyroidism in Jeddah by Using Wayne’s Scoring Index

“…Early discovery and prevention of diseases such as endocrine disorders are essential to reduce both prevalence and associated costs. Thyroid diseases are common endocrine disorders in Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Middle East but are usually misunderstood or misdiagnosed [ 2 ].…”

“…Hyperthyroidism’s common symptoms are nervousness, intolerance of heat, weight loss despite appetite increase, and the body becoming warm and wet [ 6 ]. The main hyperthyroidism disorders are Graves’ disease, thyroid storm, toxic thyroid nodule, toxic nodular struma, and hashitoxicosis [ 2 ].…”