Pattern of Suicide Attempts in Southern Nepal: A Multi-Centered Retrospective Study

Thapaliya, Suresh; Gupta, Anoop; Tiwari, Suraj; Belbase, Mohan; Paudyal, Shreya

doi:10.3126/medphoenix.v3i1.20761

Cited by 11 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In a majority of the studies, more than 75% of the suicide/DSH attempts occurred below the age of 35 years [7,8,9,10,11] and around 60% under the age of 30 years. [12,13,14,15] Suicide data collected by the police in 2009/2010 demonstrated that the suicide rate peaked among women aged between 20-24 years at 7.4 per 100,000.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poisoning stood out as the most common method of suicide and DSH in 88% of studies with most of the suicide victims consuming pesticide (commonly organophosphates). [8,10,11,12,13,19,20] In 16 % of the studies, hanging was the method employed for suicide. [9,15,21] These ndings were consistent with ndings from the MMMS 2008/09.…”

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] Interpersonal con icts with in-laws and marital disputes between spouses were typically related to accusations of husband/wife's love affair; husbands alleged second marriage or extramarital affairs; husbands excessive alcohol consumption leading to increased stress and violence; and marrying at young age among the married women. [7,8,10,11,17,18,21,22] A psychological autopsy investigation of suicide deaths in Nepal revealed that a woman's move from her maternal household to her husband's household often preceded suicide, [22] denoting adjustment issues, family con icts or marital disputes and abuse as possible underlying conditions.…”

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22,30] Whereas, among the unmarried adolescent women, interpersonal con icts with parents were mostly over relationship problems and romantic partners, and academic failures. [7,8,10,11,15,17,18,22] Lack of liberal perception regarding love relationships and intercaste marriage, and non-acceptance of such relationships may lead to interpersonal disputes among young women and their families and/or their romantic partners. Academic failure is also a trigger for suicide and suicidal attempts among adolescent women.…”

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most studies, the majority of suicide/DSH victims were married. [8,10,11,17,18] For example, in the 2008/2009 MMMS study, 73% of the women who committed suicide out of a total 239 suicide deaths among WRA were married in comparison to 20.9% of women who committed suicide were unmarried, and police reported for 2003-2011, 84.1% of all ages of women who committed suicide were married. [4,16] Additionally, in the 2008/2009 MMMS study out of a total of 197 deaths to unmarried WRA, 50 deaths were due to suicide accounting for 25% of suicide deaths.…”

Section: Marital Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide and deliberate Self-Harm Among Women in Nepal: A Scoping Review

Kasaju

Krumeich

Putten

2021

Preprint

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Background: Suicide is a growing public health problem globally. Suicide accounts for 70% of violent deaths among women in low and middle income countries. In Nepal suicide is the single leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. The aim of this scoping review is to explore and understand the various contexts related to vulnerability of Nepalese woman towards suicide and deliberate self-harm.Methods: A scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework including a combination of peer-reviewed publications and grey literature was conducted. The National Library of Medicine’s PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were used during July 2019 applying a Boolean search strategy. Results: Suicide incidence was found to be higher among younger age group and married women, with poisoning as the most common means of suicide. Psychosocial and economic factors such as abuse, interpersonal conflicts, marital disputes, relationship problems, adjustment problems, unpaid loans and financial losses; and mental health conditions such as mood disorder, adjustment disorder and substance abuse disorder were found to be contributing factors for suicide and deliberate self-harm among women in Nepal. Conclusion: Socio-cultural and economic factors shape family and marital relationships which impacts psycho-social and mental wellbeing of women in Nepal inciting suicidal attempts and deliberate self-harm. However, very few studies were found that explore the context of poverty, social exclusion, gender inequality, education, traditional/cultural and patriarchal system in which suicide among women in Nepal occurs.

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Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Means Of Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marital Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide and deliberate Self-Harm Among Women in Nepal: A Scoping Review

Kasaju

Krumeich

Putten

2021

Preprint

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Cross‐cultural adaptation of Nepalese literacy and stigma of suicide scales (LOSS‐SF‐Nep and SOSS‐SF‐Nep) among Nepalese medical and nursing students

Gupta,

Sharma,

Sah

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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Introduction: Nepal is a country in South‐east Asia with high suicide. There is ongoing trend of emerging research on suicide from Nepal but there is lack of validated scale in measuring literacy or stigma. In the view of poor media reporting and large treatment gap, this study was conducted. All previous validation studies were done in non‐Hindu populations.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was planned where the short forms of Nepalese literacy of suicide scale (LOSS‐SF‐Nep) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS‐SF‐Nep) were validated using standard procedure at a medical college in southern Nepal. Medical and nursing students of all batches were approached offline after successful pretesting. The psychometric properties of the scales were tested, and the statuses of literacy and stigma were assessed. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and General Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 were used for revealing depression and generalized anxiety.Results: Three hundred and nineteen Nepalese students participated and most of them were males, belonged to nuclear family, upper‐middle socioeconomic status and represented 46 out of 77 districts of Nepal. The mean score of LOSS‐SF‐Nep was 6.36 ± 1.92 and literacy ranged from 37.9% to 89.7%. The deeper exposure to suicidal patients was associated with better literacy. Factor analysis of SOSS‐SF‐Nep revealed three subscales: stigmatization, isolation/depression, and normalization/glorification and had acceptable psychometric properties. Gender, occupation of head of the family, region and years of education, using mental health services, and depression were associated with variable literacy or stigma.Conclusion: Literacy and stigma scales were validated in Nepali, and SOSS factor structures were revealed with modified descriptors. The literacy and stigma levels in medical students were calculated for the first time in Nepal and Hindu majority population.

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Alcohol Withdrawal Presenting with Cut Throat Injury during COVID-19 Lockdown: Case Reports from Nepal

Bhattarai,

Upadhyaya,

Banstola

et al. 2023

Case Reports in Psychiatry

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Background. The relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidal tendency is well recognized. Self-harm by cut throat is an uncommon but is potentially life-threatening when attempted. We present a description and discussion of a series of three cases of alcohol dependence syndrome who presented with self-inflicted cut throat wounds during the lockdown period from 24th March to 7th July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic at the largest tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Case description. During the three and a half months of COVID-19 lockdown, we had three cases of alcohol dependence syndrome presenting to emergency services with a self-inflicted cut throat injury. Two cases were diagnosed as having alcohol withdrawal delirium and one case as alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (alcoholic hallucinosis) as per the international classification of mental and behavioral disorders diagnostic criteria for research. All three cases were alcohol dependent for more than a decade, but with no prior self-harm attempts. Necessary surgical interventions were done by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, and in liaison with the Department of Psychiatry, appropriate psychiatric management was done. All three cases had uneventful outcomes in regard to wound care and mental disorder. Conclusion. Suicidal precautions should be taken in alcohol dependence during phases of consumption and abstinence. Screening for alcohol dependence and withdrawal should be a standard process in all self-harm cases that present to the emergency department during a crisis.

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Pattern of Suicide Attempts in Southern Nepal: A Multi-Centered Retrospective Study

Abstract: conclusions:The pattern shows predominance of female gender, younger age group, a role of mental illness, impulsivity and psychosocial factors in suicide attempts. Future research should focus on these aspects to develop effective prevention strategies.

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Suicide and deliberate Self-Harm Among Women in Nepal: A Scoping Review

Suicide and deliberate Self-Harm Among Women in Nepal: A Scoping Review

Cross‐cultural adaptation of Nepalese literacy and stigma of suicide scales (LOSS‐SF‐Nep and SOSS‐SF‐Nep) among Nepalese medical and nursing students

Alcohol Withdrawal Presenting with Cut Throat Injury during COVID-19 Lockdown: Case Reports from Nepal

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