Pattern of Salivary Gland Tumour in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

Histopathological analysis of salivary gland biopsies in Kumasi: An 8 year retrospective study

“…A number of studies (Oti et al, 2013;Parkin and Boamah, 2009;Adedeji et al, 2014) Adedeji et al, 2014Khattak et al, 2016;Pinkston and Cole, 1999;Ito et al, 2005;Tian et al, 2010;Subhashraj, 2008;Li et al, 2008) have shown the fifth decade and beyond as the peak for malignant SGTs, similar to our observation. However, some studies in Africa (Aliyu et al, 2016;Vahahula, 2004) and Asia (Al-Khateeb and Ababney, 2007;Tian et al, 2010) contrast our finding and that malignant SGTs are seen more in the fourth decade of life. It is possible that the variation in the number of cases analysed in the different reports may underpin these differences.…”

“…Our ratio is comparable to a study from Nigeria (Ochicha et al, 2009), albeit a little higher than two studies from East Africa (Vahahula, 2004;Masanja et al, 2003) where the ratio was approximately 1:1. The most frequent histologic type for benign neoplasms in our series was pleomorphic adenoma (PA) with incidence of 66.5% which is consistent with worldwide reported incidence rates (Oti et al, 2013;Olivera et al, 2015;Bahra et al, 2012;Aliyu et al, 2016;Al-Khateeb and Ababney, 2007;Parkin and Boamah, 2009;Adedeji et al, 2014;Vahahula, 2004;Khattak et al, 2016;Ito et al, 2005;Tian et al, 2010;Subhashraj, 2008;Li et al, 2008;Toida et al, 2005;Jones et al, 2008;Vargas et al, 2002;Masanja et al, 2003;Otoh et al, 2005;Shaikh et al, 2010;Ergicho and Ergisho, 2003;Zaman et al, 2014). Basal cell adenoma and Warthin's tumour followed in order after PA.…”

“…Majority of cases presenting with SGTs were in the fourth and fifth decades with mean ages for benign and malignant cases being 36.4 years and 41.6 years respectively. Benign SGTs have been reported to be more common in third decade of life in studies from Nigeria (Aliyu et al, 2016;Adedeji et al, 2014), Ghana (Oti et al, 2013) and Uganda (Vahahula, 2004). A number of studies (Oti et al, 2013;Parkin and Boamah, 2009;Adedeji et al, 2014) Adedeji et al, 2014Khattak et al, 2016;Pinkston and Cole, 1999;Ito et al, 2005;Tian et al, 2010;Subhashraj, 2008;Li et al, 2008) have shown the fifth decade and beyond as the peak for malignant SGTs, similar to our observation.…”

“…Generally, there is high incidence of benign relative to malignant lesions among SGTs from worldwide reports although few studies (Bahra et al, 2012;Aliyu et al, 2016;Poomsawat et al, 2004) found more malignant cases than benign. From our series the ratio of benign-tomalignant tumours was 1.6:1, less than ratios noted for many populations outside of the African continent such as Asia (Khattak et al, 2016;Toida et al, 2005) USA (Pinkston and Cole, 1999), UK (Jones et al, 2008) and Brazil (Ito et al, 2005;Vargas et al, 2002).…”

“…Tumours of the salivary glands are uncommon accounting for less than 2% of all human tumours (Olivera et al, 2015;Dennis et al, 2014) and 2.8-10% of all head and neck tumours (Bahra et al, 2012;Aliyu et al, 2016;Al-Khateeb and Ababney, 2007) Kumasi cancer Registry age adjusted incidence for salivary gland cancers in female and male are 0.3% and 0.2% respectively (Dennis et al, 2014). Location of the salivary glands to some extent play a role in determining the type of lesions seen in the glands, also determine the signs and symptoms and the clinical outcome of management.…”