Pattern of Renal Blood Flow and Renovascular Parameters in Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate renal blood flow patterns and renovascular parameters in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) without laboratory evidence of renal impairment. Methods Sixty‐five steady‐state adult patients with SCD (50 hemoglobin SS [HbSS], 12 HbSβ0, and 3 HbSD) and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were studied. The kidney length, echo pattern, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity, renal‐to‐aortic ratio, resistive index (RI), acceleration time (AT), and renal vein velocity were acquired, recorded, and analyzed with a 1–5‐MHz curvilinear transducer through the abdomen. Results The mean age ± SD of the patients with SCD was 32.89 ± 13.89 years. The highest means for the ultrasound‐measured renal length and cortical thickness in the SCD and control groups were 11.78 ± 1.30 and 11.27 ± 0.77 cm and 1.86 ± 0.41 and 1.78 ± 0.28 cm, respectively. The figures were significantly higher in the SCD group than the control group (P < .05). Fifty‐nine (90.8%) patients had a mild diffuse increase in cortical echogenicity with preserved renal cortical thickness. The highest mean extrarenal PSVs in the SCD and control groups were 138.46 ± 56.32 and 101.75 ± 31.48 cm/s (P < .05). However, the highest intrarenal RI and AT in SCD and control groups were 0.69 ± 0.07 and 0.06 ± 0.02 seconds and 0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.04 ± 0.01 seconds (P < .05). There was no significant correlation between the RI, AT, and PSV among the patients with SCD (P > .05). Conclusions Increased renal length and cortical echogenicity with elevated PSV, RI, and AT values can serve as early ultrasound changes in adult patients with SCD without renal impairment.