Pattern of pelvic inflammatory disease in women who attended the tertiary care hospital among the rural population of North India

A comparative study on the effects of various factors to the prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease in North central Nigeria

“…This result is also in agreement with Shinde et al ( 2018) and Ahmed et al (2017) who reported 26.5% and 54% of females in the age brackets between 25-29 years and 26-35years respectively had PID and explained that constant indulgence in sexual relationships among young ladies lead to high PID infection rate. This result is in disparity with the findings of Dayal (2016) who reported the highest PID infection to be within the ages of 31-40 years.…”

“…Such misuse of these products leads to a condition known as selective toxicity pressure will occur on the organisms, thereby subjecting the microorganisms to develop resistance to these therapeutic agents in use. This finding agrees with the findings of Dayal (2016).…”

“…Such women only visit urban health facilities when cases are critical which may in turn lead to death. This finding agrees with Dayal (2016) who stated that all the 247(100%) PID cases sampled in India were collected from rural settlement and in disagreement with study of Usman (2016) who stated that 72.3% of the patients were from the urban setting compared to 27.2% who were from the urban settings.…”

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

“…The CDC has specified that for the clinical diagnosis of PID, at least one of the three minimum diagnostic criteria (viz., cervical motion tenderness or uterine tenderness/adnexal tenderness or lower abdominal pain) is a prerequisite. To increase the specificity of the minimum criteria, one or more of the following added criteria of PID are used to support the diagnosis: presence of a high number of WBCs in the vaginal fluid on saline microscopy, abnormal cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, oral temperature >101 °F (>38.3 °C), raised C-reactive protein, and confirmation of N. gonorrhoea or C. trachomatis infection through laboratory diagnosis [ 1 , 2 , 6 ]. Uncomplicated PID is diagnosed on the basis of a clinical evaluation even though it has a lesser predictive value in comparison to laparoscopy [ 6 ].…”

“…To increase the specificity of the minimum criteria, one or more of the following added criteria of PID are used to support the diagnosis: presence of a high number of WBCs in the vaginal fluid on saline microscopy, abnormal cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, oral temperature >101 °F (>38.3 °C), raised C-reactive protein, and confirmation of N. gonorrhoea or C. trachomatis infection through laboratory diagnosis [ 1 , 2 , 6 ]. Uncomplicated PID is diagnosed on the basis of a clinical evaluation even though it has a lesser predictive value in comparison to laparoscopy [ 6 ]. The local signs and symptoms of uPID are copious, white or yellowish, and thin/thick discharge from the vagina with/without vulval itching, lower abdominal pain, and low backache during menses, menstrual disorders, dyspareunia, and infertility.…”