Pattern of Motor and Cognitive Deficits in Detoxified Alcoholic Men

Sullivan, E. V.; Rosenbloom, Margaret J.; Pfefferbaum, A.

doi:10.1097/00000374-200005000-00005

Cited by 118 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Studies of adult alcoholics reveal white matter volume reductions and microstructural abnormalities (Estruch et al, 1997;Hommer et al, 1996;Kril, Halliday, Svoboda, & Cartwright, 1997;Pfefferbaum et al, 1996;Pfefferbaum et al, 2000), and gray matter volume deficits in hippocampal and other brain regions (Gansler et al, 2000;Laakso et al, 2000;Phillips, Harper, & Kril, 1987;Sullivan et al, 2005;Sullivan, et al, 1995). Neuropsychological studies demonstrate deficits in verbal and visual memory, working memory, visuospatial functioning, gait/balance, reasoning, inhibition, and speeded processing (Duka, et al, 2003;Garland, Parsons, & Nixon, 1993;Sullivan, et al, 2002;Sullivan, Rosenbloom, & Pfefferbaum, 2000;Townshend & Duka, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Medina

Schweinsburg

Cohen-Zion

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

236

191

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Background-Converging lines of evidence suggest that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to deleterious effects of alcohol and marijuana use, especially during adolescence. The goal of this study was to examine hippocampal volume and asymmetry in adolescent users of alcohol and marijuana.Methods-Participants were adolescent (aged 15-18) alcohol (ALC) users (n=16), marijuana and alcohol (MJ+ALC) users (n=26), and demographically similar controls (n=21). Extensive exclusionary criteria included prenatal toxic exposure, left handedness, and psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Substance use, cognitive, and anatomical measures were collected after at least 2 days of abstinence from all substances.Results-Adolescent ALC users demonstrated a significantly different pattern of hippocampal asymmetry (p<.05) and reduced left hippocampal volume (p<.05) compared to MJ+ALC users and non-using controls. Increased alcohol abuse/dependence severity was associated with increased right > left (R>L) asymmetry and smaller left hippocampal volumes while marijuana abuse/dependence was associated with increased L>R asymmetry and larger left hippocampal volumes. Although MJ +ALC users did not differ from controls in asymmetry, functional relationships with verbal learning were found only among controls, among whom greater right than left hippocampal volume was associated with superior performance (p<.05).Conclusions-Aberrations in hippocampal asymmetry and left hippocampal volumes were found for adolescent heavy drinkers. Further, the functional relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning was abnormal among adolescent substance users compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest differential effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use on hippocampal morphometry and the relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning performance among adolescents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Medina

Schweinsburg

Cohen-Zion

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

236

191

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“…Chronic excessive alcohol use can impair a range of cognitive and motor functions (Tarter and Ryan, 1983;Parsons, 1987b;Fein et al, 1990;Nixon, 1993;Sullivan et al, 2000d), but recovery of some of these functions can occur with sobriety (Brandt et al, 1983;Parsons, 1987a;Lishman, 1990;Bates et al, 2005,Rourke, 1999. Cognitive functions most likely to recover, patient characteristics most likely to predict recovery, and time course for such recovery have important implications for treatment (Goldman, 1995;Nixon et al, 1998;Bates et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When memory tasks require active strategies for encoding, semantic organization, and retrieval of learned material, they probably draw on frontal executive systems (e.g., Incisa della Rocchetta and Milner, 1993;Fletcher et al, 1998;Savage et al, 2001) and medial temporal systems required for formation of new memories (for review see, Gabrieli, 1998). Deficits in such strategic memory tasks can occur with chronic alcoholism (Brandt et al, 1983;Rourke and Grant, 1999;Munro et al, 2000;Sullivan et al, 2000d;Sullivan et al, 2002;Fama et al, 2004); (for reviews see, Parsons, 1987b;Riege, 1987;Oscar-Berman and Marinkovic, 2003) but can also recover with abstinence (Parsons, 1987a;Fein et al, 1990;Fein et al, 2006). Memory tasks that do not require strategic search through encoded material but instead rely on selection of a correct item from a given set, such as word recognition, are typically spared in uncomplicated alcoholism (Salmon et al, 1986;Oscar-Berman and Pulaski, 1997;Sullivan et al, 1997;Sullivan et al, 2000d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study (Bates et al, 2005) found a clinically significant, moderate effect size for change in memory in a large sample of alcoholics retested 6 weeks after entering treatment, whereas another (Mann et al, 1999) found no evidence for treatment-related improvements in memory tests after a comparable interval in a sample of 49 alcoholic men even though improvement occurred in other functional domains. Cross-sectional studies have shown that alcoholics sober for several months (Sullivan et al, 2000d;Sullivan et al, 2002;Meyerhoff, 2005;Rosenbloom et al, 2005), one year (Hochla et al, 1982;Parsons et al, 1990;Munro et al, 2000;Rosenbloom et al, 2004), or as long as seven years (Brandt et al, 1983) may still show memory deficits relative to non-alcoholic controls. However, other crosssectional studies have shown that performance on memory tests is related to length of abstinence (Joyce and Robbins, 1993;Oscar-Berman et al, 2004), and that alcoholics sober for more than 4 years are undistinguishable from controls on memory testing (Grant et al, 1984;Reed et al, 1992;Oscar-Berman et al, 2004;Fein et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

Rosenbloom

Rohlfing

O'Reilly

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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We investigated whether changes in memory or static balance in chronic alcoholics, occurring with abstinence or relapse, are associated with changes in lateral and fourth ventricular volume. Alcoholics meeting DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence (n = 15) and non-alcoholic controls (n = 26) were examined twice at a mean interval of two years with standard Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) tests, an ataxia battery, and structural MRI. At study entry, alcoholics had been abstinent on average for over 4 months and achieved lower scores than controls on WASI General IQ Index, WMS-R General Memory Index, and the ataxia battery. The ten alcoholics who maintained sobriety at retest did not differ at study entry in socio-demographic measures, alcohol use, or WASI and WMS-R summary scores from the five relapsers. At follow-up, abstainers improved more than controls on the WMS-R General Memory Index. Ataxia tended to improve in abstainers relative to controls. Associations were observed between memory and lateral ventricular volume change and between ataxia and fourth ventricular volume change in alcoholics but not in the controls. Both memory and ataxia can improve with sustained sobriety, and brain-behavior associations suggest selective brain structural substrates for the changes observed.

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“…Chronic alcoholism adversely disrupts executive control mechanisms relying on prefrontal and parietal attentional brain systems (Nixon et al 1988;Sullivan et al 2000;Tapert et al 2001). Lack of executive function control over attentional systems has also been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Chao et al 2004;Hinkin et al 1999;McArthur 2004;Sahakian et al 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

Schulte

Müller‐Oehring

Javitz

et al. 2007

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Diffusion tensor imaging was used to study the combined effects of HIV-infection and alcoholism (ALC) on corpus callosum (CC) integrity in relation to processes of attentional allocation and conflict resolution assessed by a novel Stroop Match-to-Sample task. We tested 16 ALC, 19 HIV, 20 subjects with combined disorder and 17 controls. In ALC, low fractional anisotropy and high mean diffusivity throughout the CC correlated with poor Stroop-match performance, i.e., when the cue-color matched the color of the Stroop stimulus. By contrast, in the two HIV groups DTI relations were restricted to the genu and poor Stroop-nonmatch performance, i.e., when the cue-color was in conflict with the Stroop stimulus color. These results suggest that disruption of callosal integrity in HIV-infection and alcoholism differentially affects regionally-selective interhemispheric-dependent attentional processing. We speculate that callosal degradation in these diseases curtails the opportunity for collaboration between the two hemispheres that contributes to normal performance in HIV or alcoholic patients with higher callosal integrity. KeywordsDiffusion tensor imaging; HIV infection; Alcoholism; Stroop; Selective attention; Corpus callosum A frequent comorbidity in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is alcohol use disorder (Justice et al. 2006;Lefevre et al. 1995;Meyerhoff 2001;Molina et al. 2006;Winsauer et al. 2002). Each disorder exerts adversive effects on cognitive function and brain structure, some different and some overlapping. Although both disorders affect attention, each can selectively disrupt different component processes of this NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptBrain Imaging Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 April 8. Published in final edited form as:Brain Imaging Behav. 2008 ; 2(1): 27-38. doi:10.1007/s11682-007-9014-z. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript complex cognitive process. Chronic alcoholism adversely disrupts executive control mechanisms relying on prefrontal and parietal attentional brain systems (Nixon et al. 1988;Sullivan et al. 2000;Tapert et al. 2001). Lack of executive function control over attentional systems has also been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Chao et al. 2004;Hinkin et al. 1999;McArthur 2004;Sahakian et al. 1995).The Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop 1935) is a widely used paradigm to study selective attentional processes that require conflict resolution and response inhibition between competing stimulus attributes (Bush et al. 2003;Carter et al. 1999;Fan et al. 2003;MacDonald et al. 2000;Salo et al. 2001). The Stroop phenomenon describes slower responses when subjects are asked to name the ink color of a word printed in a color incongruent with the word's meaning (e.g., the word "red" written in blue ink) relative to when the word's meaning and ink color are the same (e.g., the word "red" written in red ink). When the relevant color-attribute and the irrelevant word-...

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Pattern of Motor and Cognitive Deficits in Detoxified Alcoholic Men

Cited by 118 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

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