Pattern of Lung Cancer in Turkey, 1994–1998

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide among both men and women, with more than 1 million deaths annually. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of all lung cancers.Although recent advances have been made in diagnosis and treatment strategies, the prognosis of NSCLC patients is poor and it is basically due to a lack of early diagnostic tools.However, in the last years genetic and biochemical studies have provided more information about the protein and gene's mutations involved in lung tumors. Additionally, recent proteomic and microRNA's approaches have been introduced to help biomarker discovery.Here we would like to discuss the most recent discoveries in lung cancer pathways, focusing on the genetic and epigenetic factors that play a crucial role in malignant cell proliferation, and how they could be helpful in diagnosis and targeted therapy.

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“…Recent studies provided first evidence for the potential usefulness of a blood-based test for lung cancer diagnosis [63]. …”

Section: Diagnostic Tools In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer: Are we up to the Challenge?

Esposito¹,

Conti

Ailavajhala

et al. 2010

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Frequency of SOX Group B (SOX1, 2, 3) and ZIC2 antibodies in Turkish patients with small cell lung carcinoma and their correlation with clinical parameters

Vural

Chen

Saip

et al. 2005

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDExpression of neuroectodermal markers is a key feature of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Although immune responses against a number of these proteins have been associated with paraneoplastic neuronal disease (PND), most patients with SCLC have anti‐neuroectodermal antibodies in the absence of PND. Whether these immune responses affect the clinical outcome in SCLC is critical in understanding the potential value of these proteins as cancer vaccine targets as well as in the pathogenesis of PND.METHODSThe authors investigated the frequency of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against Sry‐like high‐mobility group box (SOX)1, 2, 3 and Zinc‐finger gene of the cerebellum (ZIC)2 proteins in stored serum samples from 90 patients utilizing the λ‐phage plaque assay. Data obtained from patient records were utilized to measure clinical correlates of seroreactivity.RESULTSAntibodies to SOX1 were present in 28% of patients and another 28% had anti‐ZIC2 antibodies, classifying these as some of the most frequent antibody responses observed in SCLC. None had autoimmune paraneoplastic disease. Antibody titers were frequently as high as ≥ 1:106 and were stable for ≤ 6 months after diagnosis. Seroreactivity against either SOX1 or ZIC2 correlated with younger age, lower lactate dehydrogenase levels, and better response to initial therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe frequent and stable presence of SOX Group B and/or ZIC2 antibodies in SCLC, but not in healthy individuals examined, indicates they are serological markers of SCLC. However, the correlation between known clinical parameters of less aggressive disease and seroreactivity suggests that these antibodies are indicators of better prognosis in SCLC and warrants further studies to clarify the nature of the underlying immune responses. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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