Pattern of Drug Use and Associated Behaviors Among Female Injecting Drug Users From Northeast India: A Multi-Centric, Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study

Ambekar, Atul; Rao, Ravindra; Agrawal, Alok; Goyal, Shrigopal; Mishra, Ashwani Kumar; Kishore, Kunal; Mukherjee, Debashis; Albertin, Cristina

doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1013130

Cited by 26 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a previous Indian study on adult female IDUs, a significantly higher proportion of female IDUs were uneducated, unemployed, worked as sex workers, and switched to injecting drug use faster as compared with male IDUs. [ 22 ] These high-risk sexual behaviors represent an additional risk for developing and transmitting HIV. Injection substance use also has a possible link with mental health, as seen in literature including an association with suicide attempts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection drug use among children and adolescents in India: Ringing the alarm bells

Dhawan¹,

Pattanayak

Chopra³

et al. 2016

Indian J Psychiatry

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Introduction:Injection drug use (IDU) is intricately linked to preventive aspects for human immunodeficiency virus from a public health perspective. No large-scale data are yet available for injectable drug use among children and adolescents in India, apart from few anecdotal reports.Aims and Methods:The present paper reports on the profile and substance use pattern of 509 child IDU users, among a total sample of over 4000 children using substances across 100 sites from 27 states and 2 UTs in India. It was undertaken in 2012–2013 by the National Commission of Protection for Child Rights in collaboration with the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. For inclusion, participants had to be 18 years or less, should have used at least one other substance besides tobacco in the last 1 year, and should be living at home/street, in or out of school. Data were gathered using a 95-item semi-structured questionnaire.Results:A large proportion of ever users of IDU also reported use in the past year (96.5%) and past month (92.7%). Apart from IDU, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and pharmaceutical opioids were the most common substances of abuse in order of frequency. There was an interval of about 3 years from the initiation of tobacco to the initiation of IDU. Average age of onset for IDU was a year lesser in males than female users. The street children initiated IDU earlier than out-of-school and schoolgoing children. No quit attempt was made by more than half of the children. More than 40% had frequent familial conflicts, more than half had a familial history of substance use, and three-fourths had drug-using peers.Conclusion:The paper highlights the profile and pattern of children and adolescents using IDU across many parts of India, dispelling the myth that IDU is largely an adult phenomenon in India. There is a clear need to promote different harm reduction and preventive strategies across the “hard-to-reach” younger age groups using injecting drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection drug use among children and adolescents in India: Ringing the alarm bells

Dhawan¹,

Pattanayak

Chopra³

et al. 2016

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…The use of evidence-based substance use prevention programs has been reiterated as a means to protect the young people. 3 This study was conducted simultaneously at three sites in India which are different geographically and socioculturally.…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 , 18 Recently, the study on substance use magnitude in India concurs to the NFHS-3 study and reports Tamil Nadu to have about 14.2% (national 14.6%) current alcohol users and about 4% alcohol dependence, which is above the national average of 2.7%. 3 Based on the observations and hospital records available at ASHWINI, consumption of alcohol is on the rise. Of the 20,000 tribal catchment populations, in the period from April 2018 to March 2019, there were 26 admissions with severe medical problems due to alcohol use, of which 5 (19%) were less than 25 years of age (ASHWINI hospital records).…”

Section: Description Of Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Recent study on substance use magnitude in India reports 3.4% of current alcohol users in the age group of 10–75 years of age with about 0.9% alcohol dependence in Meghalaya. 3 Since time immemorial the Khasis are in the regular habit of taking alcohol either of a spirit distilled from rice or millet or of rice beer ( ka‘iad um ) which has an important place in Khasi religious ceremonies. However, exposure to colonialism introduced hard alcohol to the tribe.…”

Section: Description Of Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would translate to 16 crore persons who consume alcohol in the country. 3 The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India conducted in 2015–2016 reported 7.3% prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 13–17 year olds. 4 The rates of alcohol consumption among under 21 year olds increased from 2% to 14% over the past 15 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Three-Site Study of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents from Indigenous Tribes in India

War

Gharat

Chandramouleeshwaran³

et al. 2020

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Background: Alcohol use disorder is elevated among members of indigenous tribes in India, like native populations in several other countries. Despite constituting 8.6% of the Indian population, tribals are among the most geographically isolated, socioeconomically underdeveloped, and underserved communities in the country. Based on the experience from our centers (in Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, and Gujarat), we are aware of escalating alcohol use among tribal communities. The aims of this study are (a) to estimate alcohol use and psychiatric morbidity among teenagers from indigenous tribes, and (b) pilot test a psychoeducational efficacy study. Methods: The biphasic study is being conducted in three states of India: Tamil Nadu in South, Meghalaya in Northeast, and Gujarat in West. Phase 1 is a cross-sectional study of tribal adolescents at each site. The MINI 6.0/MINI Kid 6.0 questionnaire was used to estimate extent of psychiatric morbidity and substance addiction. Phase 2 is an intervention trial of 40 participants at each site to assess the effectiveness of NIMHANS LSE module in protecting the tribal adolescents from alcohol use. Conclusions: The desired primary outcome will be forestalling the onset of alcohol use among this group. This paper focuses on the methodology and strategies to be used to achieve the objectives.

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Spatiotemporal Phylodynamics of Hepatitis C Among People Who Inject Drugs in India

Clipman¹,

Mehta²,

Rodgers

et al. 2021

Hepatology

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Pattern of Drug Use and Associated Behaviors Among Female Injecting Drug Users From Northeast India: A Multi-Centric, Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study

Abstract: The study demonstrates that female IDUs differ from male IDUs in their drug use pattern, initiation into injection as well as injecting behavior, which would be an important consideration during designing of female-specific interventions.

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Injection drug use among children and adolescents in India: Ringing the alarm bells

Injection drug use among children and adolescents in India: Ringing the alarm bells

A Three-Site Study of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents from Indigenous Tribes in India

Spatiotemporal Phylodynamics of Hepatitis C Among People Who Inject Drugs in India

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