Pattern of Cell Migration During Cortical Histogenesis

Berry, Martin; Rogers, Alice; Eayrs, J. T.

doi:10.1038/203591b0

Cited by 150 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The majority of the BrdU-labeled cells were located in layers II-III, corresponding to the superficial (i.e. towards the pial surface) 25% of the cortical gray matter (Fig 3C), as expected [4,7,8,11,58]. Therefore, we analyzed the BrdU LI separately for the upper 25% (layers II-III) and lower 75% of the gray matter (layers V-VI) as well as for all cellular layers (II-VI).…”

Section: Analysis Of Brdu LI In the Brains Of P21 Micementioning

confidence: 63%

Elevated dopamine levels during gestation produce region-specific decreases in neurogenesis and subtle deficits in neuronal numbers

2007

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Dopamine levels in the fetal brain were increased by administering the dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) to pregnant mice in drinking water. The L-DOPA exposure decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in the lateral ganglionic eminence and frontal cortical neuroepithelium but not medial or caudal ganglionic eminences. The regional differences appear to reflect heterogeneity in precursor cells' responses to dopamine receptor activation. Relative numbers of E15 generated neurons were decreased at postnatal day 21 (P21) in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex but not globus pallidus in the L-DOPA group. TUNEL labeling did not show significant differences on P0, P7 or P14 in the caudate-putamen or frontal cortex, suggesting that cell death was not altered. Although virtually all cells in the P21 brains that were labeled with the E15 BrdU injection were NeuN-positive, stereological analyses showed no significant changes in total numbers of NeuN-positive or NeuN-negative cells in the P21 caudate-putamen or frontal cortex. Thus persisting deficits in neuronal numbers were evident in the L-DOPA group only by birth-dating analyses and not upon gross histological examination of brain sections or analysis of total numbers of neurons or glia. One explanation for this apparent discrepancy is that L-DOPA exposure decreased cell proliferation at E15 but not at E13. By E15, expansion of the neuroepithelial precursor pool is complete and any decrease in cell proliferation likely produces only marginal decreases in the total numbers of cells generated. Our L-DOPA exposure model may be pertinent to investigations of neurological dysfunction produced by developmental dopamine imbalance.

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Section: Analysis Of Brdu LI In the Brains Of P21 Micementioning

confidence: 63%

Elevated dopamine levels during gestation produce region-specific decreases in neurogenesis and subtle deficits in neuronal numbers

2007

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“…CR neurons arise from specialised progenitors in restricted locations of the telencephalon (reviewed by Soriano and Del Rio, 2005). Neurons in the remaining strata, layers 2-6, are formed in an 'inside-out' manner, meaning that those in deeper layers are born before those that occupy more-superficial layers (Berry and Rogers, 1965;Berry et al, 1964). Retroviral lineage-tracing experiments in mammals show that young cortical progenitors generate neurons that are distributed across deep and superficial layers, whereas older progenitors only produce neurons in superficial layers (Luskin et al, 1988;Price and Thurlow, 1988;Rakic, 1988;Reid et al, 1995;Walsh and Cepko, 1988).…”

Section: Multiple Temporal Identities In the Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial patterning, however, is only part of the story, and we focus here on the mechanisms of temporal patterning. The importance of temporal specification during neurogenesis has been recognised ever since it was first clearly demonstrated that different types of neurons are born in a stereotypical order in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex (Berry et al, 1964). Subsequent investigations have revealed the existence of a regulatory link between birth order and neuronal/glial identity in many different regions of the mammalian CNS, as well as in the insect CNS, suggesting that it might well be a universal feature of all complex nervous systems (reviewed by Donovan and Dyer, 2005;Kessaris et al, 2001;Livesey and Cepko, 2001;Pearson and Doe, 2004;Yu and Lee, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal control of neuronal diversity: common regulatory principles in insects and vertebrates?

Jacob

Maurange²,

Gould³

2008

Development

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It is well established in species as diverse as insects and mammals that different neuronal and glial subtypes are born at distinct times during central nervous system development. In Drosophila, there is now compelling evidence that individual multipotent neuroblasts express a sequence of progenitor transcription factors which, in turn, regulates the postmitotic transcription factors that specify neuronal/glial temporal identities. Here, we examine the hypothesis that the regulatory principles underlying this mode of temporal specification are shared between insects and mammals, even if some of the factors themselves are not. We also propose a general model for birth-order-dependent neural specification and suggest some experiments to test its validity.

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“…During development, the first generated neurons constitute the preplate (PP), which is later split into an upper marginal zone (MZ) and a lower subplate layer (SP) by successive waves of glutamatergic neurons that form the cortical plate (CP) (Berry et al, 1964). In contrast to GABAergic interneurons, which invade the developing cortex by tangential migration, glutamatergic neurons are thought to be born locally from pallial progenitors and to mostly reach their final laminar destination via radial glia-mediated migration (Rakic, 1972;Marín-Padilla, 1998;Kriegstein and Noctor, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Transient Glutamatergic Population Migrating from the Pallial–Subpallial Boundary Contributes to Neocortical Development

Teissier¹,

Griveau²,

Vigier³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

126

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The generation of a precise number of neural cells and the determination of their laminar fate are tightly controlled processes during development of the cerebral cortex. Using genetic tracing in mice, we have identified a population of glutamatergic neurons generated by Dbx1-expressing progenitors at the pallial-subpallial boundary predominantly at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and subsequent to Cajal-Retzius cells. We show that these neurons migrate tangentially to populate the cortical plate (CP) at all rostrocaudal and mediolateral levels by E14.5. At birth, they homogeneously populate cortical areas and represent Ͻ5% of cortical cells. However, they are distributed into neocortical layers according to their birthdates and express the corresponding markers of glutamatergic differentiation (Tbr1, ER81, Cux2, Ctip2). Notably, this population dies massively by apoptosis at the completion of corticogenesis and represents 50% of dying neurons in the postnatal day 0 cortex. Specific genetic ablation of these transient Dbx1-derived CP neurons leads to a 20% decrease in neocortical cell numbers in perinatal animals. Our results show that a previously unidentified transient population of glutamatergic neurons migrates from extraneocortical regions over long distance from their generation site and participates in neocortical radial growth in a non-cell-autonomous manner.

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Pattern of Cell Migration During Cortical Histogenesis

Cited by 150 publications

References 2 publications

Elevated dopamine levels during gestation produce region-specific decreases in neurogenesis and subtle deficits in neuronal numbers

Elevated dopamine levels during gestation produce region-specific decreases in neurogenesis and subtle deficits in neuronal numbers

Temporal control of neuronal diversity: common regulatory principles in insects and vertebrates?

A Novel Transient Glutamatergic Population Migrating from the Pallial–Subpallial Boundary Contributes to Neocortical Development

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