Pattern of Biopsy Proven Renal Disease in a Single Center of Kurdistan Region-Iraq: 7 Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background 
 Several registries and centers have reported the result of renal biopsies from different parts of the world. Since there are no studies being conducted in Kurdistan region-Iraq, this raises the necessity of performing studies on renal biopsies to establish the pattern and trends of renal diseases
 Objectives 
 To identify the pattern of renal pathology among renal biopsy specimens.
 Materials and Methods
 A total of 2779 renal biopsies performed during 7 year period, between January 2010 and December 2016 in (Shorsh General Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed after exclusion of the reports with insufficient records and those from transplanted subjects.
 Results
 Among 1914 native biopsy cases 51.6% were males and 48.4% were females, the mean patient age was 31±17 years. The most frequent clinical presentations prior to renal biopsy were; proteinuria, renal impairment and hypertension. Majority of the biopsies showed some form of Glomerular diseases (81.5%) either Primary glomerular disease (63.17%) or Secondary glomerular disease (18.29%) followed by Miscellaneous and Tubulointersitial nephropathies. The most common Primary glomerular disease was Focal and segmental (41.7%) followed by Minimal change disease (23.8%), Membranous nephropathy (16.7%) and Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (6.1%). Among the Secondary glomerular disease, Hypertensive nephrosclerosis formed the commonest diagnosis (42.8%), followed by Lupus nephritis (34.6%), Amyloidosis (15.1%) and Diabetic nephropathy (7.4%). 
 Conclusion
 Primary glomerular disease was the most prevalent with Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease being the most frequent diagnosis. Among the Secondary glomerular disease Hypertensive nephrosclerosis was the commonest followed by Lupus nephritis.