Pattern of Bacterial Colonization of Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Children

Bilal, Jalal Ali; Ahmad, Mohammad Issa; Robaee, Ahmad A. Al; Alzolibani, Abdullateef A.; Shobaili, Hani A. Al; Al-Khowailed, Mohammed Saleh

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2013/5506.3371

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Bilal et al studied a population of AD children and found that the colonisation of skin lesions was much more intense than the colonisation of apparently healthy skin -38% vs. 15% [21]. The current observations were similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, it is noteworthy that the percentage of colonisation of apparently healthy skin was twice as high (54%). Bilal et al suggest that the presence of the bacteria on apparently healthy skin may have been caused by contamination with S. aureus from the anterior nares and skin lesions [21]. Hon et al prove that the notable increase in the count of S. aureus obtained from nasal vestibule smears may be related with the higher total score in the SCORAD scale (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis), more extensive lesions, oozing and the presence of scabs [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin and nasal vestibule colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and its susceptibility to drugs in atopic dermatitis patients

Wróbel¹,

Tomczak²,

Jenerowicz³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent disease with an inflammatory background. Genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the occurrence and development of this dermatosis. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of colonisation of the nasal vestibule and apparently healthy skin by S. aureus, and to assess dermal lesions for superinfection with S. aureus in AD patients. Materials and method. The research was performed on a population of 100 AD patients. Three smears were collected for microbiological investigations: from the anterior nares, from apparently healthy skin and from lesioned skin. On collection, the material was cultured on mediums provided by the bioMerieux and Argenta companies. The strains were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics assessed by means of the Vitek2 system (bioMerieux). Results. S. aureus was present in at least one location in 90%. 44% presented S. aureus colonization of apparently healthy skin and within skin lesions. In the case of 23%, this particular pathogen was detected only in skin lesions, whereas 6% had a positive result within the area of apparently healthy skin. In total, S. aureus was detected in the skin of 73%. In 61%, apparently healthy skin had been colonized with S. aureus, whereas in 81% colonization was proved within the skin lesions. S. aureus was detected in the nasal vestibule of 85%. Among the group with S. aureus in their anterior nares, the pathogen was also found on the skin surface of 77%. Conclusions. S. aureus colonises skin in most AD patients. Most AD patients carry S. aureus in their nasal vestibules. S. aureus does not seem to colonise healthy skin as often as skin lesions in young people. The vast majority of S. aureus strains were sensitive to local antibiotics. Most S. aureus strains produced penicillinase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and nasal vestibule colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and its susceptibility to drugs in atopic dermatitis patients

Wróbel¹,

Tomczak²,

Jenerowicz³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Besides the altered structure of the stratum corneum in AD, antimicrobial defenses in this condition are compromised. Thus, gram‐negative bacteria are uncommon as a part of the normal skin flora, but up to 10% of the children with AD appear to be colonized with such bacteria . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the outer cell wall component of gram‐negative bacteria, stimulates innate immunity via Toll‐like receptors (TLR) that in turn modify adaptive immune function.…”

Section: Altered Colonization With Bacteria In Atopic Dermatitis Coulmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiple factors affecting the association between atopic dermatitis and contact sensitization

Thyssen

McFadden

Kimber

2013

Allergy

139

112

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Atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are both common skin diseases having an immune pathogenesis. There has been considerable interest about their inter-relationships with regard to altered susceptibility. Recent investigations have shed new light on this important question, and in this article, we explore whether there is evidence that atopic dermatitis affects the risk of contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. The use of topical products to treat xerotic and inflamed skin in atopic dermatitis often results in a higher prevalence of sensitization to, for example, fragrances and other ingredients in emollients. Moreover, the prevalence of metal allergy seems to be increased, probably due to compromised chelation of the metals in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis. However, conversely, the T-helper cell 2 bias that characterizes immune responses in atopic dermatitis appears to lower the risk of contact sensitization compared to healthy controls. Based on these observations, we conclude that multiple factors affect the association between atopic dermatitis and contact sensitization, and that these need to be appreciated in the clinical management of atopic dermatitis patients.

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“…Studies of habitat and the influence of cultural aspects of society have shown that high-temperature and moisture (e.g. seen in areas of warm humid climate) is associated with increased amount and a broader spectrum of bacteria on the skin [ 5 ]. Interestingly, on dry skin a dominance of gram negative bacteria has been observed [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis

Salava

Lauerma

2014

Clinical & Translational All

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder and characterized by abnormalities in both skin barrier structures and alternations of the immune response. Molecular genetics have dramatically changed our vision of the micro-organisms colonizing the human skin and recently well-documented changes in the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis have become evident. The microbiome shifts have been primarily documented during disease flares and localized to sites of disease predilection, e.g. folds or facial area. In contrast, active treatment has been associated with a recolonisation and higher cutaneous microbial diversity. Additionally to the known dysfunctions in barrier function of the skin (e.g. filaggrin mutations) and immunologic disturbances (e.g. Th2-shift), evidence is rising that atopic dermatitis is also connected to a dysbiosis of the microbial community without an invading pathogen. In the future the investigation of the patient’s skin microbiome may have a foothold in the clinician’s diagnostic repertoire and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

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Pattern of Bacterial Colonization of Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Children

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Skin and nasal vestibule colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and its susceptibility to drugs in atopic dermatitis patients

Skin and nasal vestibule colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and its susceptibility to drugs in atopic dermatitis patients

The multiple factors affecting the association between atopic dermatitis and contact sensitization

Role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis

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