Pattern Generators and Cortical Maps in Locomotion of Spinal Injured Rats<sup>a</sup>

Giszter, Simon F.; Graziani, Virginia; Kargo, William J.; Hockensmith, Gregory B.; Davies, Michelle R.; Smeraski, Cynthia S.; Murray, Marion

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09102.x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The first is that ISMS (or axons regenerating through grafts) could activate neurons that elicit contractions in local trunk muscles. These contractions could stretch hip muscles and evoke proprioceptive feedback to the locomotor CPG (Giszter et al 1998). This in turn could improve performance in the openfield locomotor tests, without any direct activation of descending PSNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Yakovenko¹,

Kowalczewski²,

Procházka³

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Many laboratories have reported the successful regeneration of neurons across damaged portions of the spinal cord. Associated improvements in hindlimb locomotor movements have been attributed to the formation of functional neuronal connections with the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). However, regenerating axons generally extend no more than 10 mm caudal to the lesion sites, terminating about 20 mm short of the lumbar segments thought to contain the CPG. It has therefore tacitly been assumed that the locomotor improvements arose from activation of propriospinal neurons relaying excitation to the CPG. Here we report a test of this assumption, which we call the propriospinal hypothesis. Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) was used to activate the putative propriospinal relay neurons. Approximately 2-3 wk after complete spinal cord transection at T8-T9 in rats, an array of six Pt-Ir microwires was chronically implanted in the intermediate and ventral gray matter of T10-T12 segments. ISMS pulse trains with amplitudes of 0.8-0.9 times threshold for activating axial muscles were delivered during open-field locomotor tests (BBB). ISMS significantly increased BBB scores over control tests, but did not produce limb coordination and weight bearing sufficient for locomotion. These results support the main assumption of the propriospinal hypothesis: that neuronal activity elicited in thoracic spinal segments caudal to a complete spinal cord transection may propagate caudally and activate the locomotor CPG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Yakovenko¹,

Kowalczewski²,

Procházka³

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…rats actually supported more weight on the affected hindlimb than on other limbs. Ground reaction forces have been used to examine the different roles of the fore‐ and hindlimbs during postural control and locomotion after spinal cord injury (Giszter et al . 1998).…”

Section: Kinetic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of behavioural recovery following spinal cord injury in rats

Muir

Webb

2000

Eur J of Neuroscience

105

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Behavioural recovery is one of the primary goals of therapeutic intervention in animal models of disease. It is necessary, therefore, to have the means with which to quantify pertinent behavioural changes in experimental animals. Nevertheless, the number and diversity of behavioural measures which have been used to assess recovery after experimental interventions often makes it difficult to compare results between studies. The present review attempts to integrate and categorize the wide variety of behavioural assessments used to measure recovery in spinal-injured rats. These categories include endpoint measures, kinematic measures, kinetic measurements, and electrophysiological measurements. Within this categorization, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of measurement. Finally, we make some recommendations regarding the principles for a comprehensive behavioural analysis after experimental spinal cord injury in rats.

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Role of cortical reorganization on the effect of 5-HT pharmacotherapy for spinal cord injury

Moxon¹,

Kao²,

Shumsky³

2013

Experimental Neurology

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Pattern Generators and Cortical Maps in Locomotion of Spinal Injured Rats^a

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Assessment of behavioural recovery following spinal cord injury in rats

Role of cortical reorganization on the effect of 5-HT pharmacotherapy for spinal cord injury

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Pattern Generators and Cortical Maps in Locomotion of Spinal Injured Ratsa

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Intraspinal Stimulation Caudal to Spinal Cord Transections in Rats. Testing the Propriospinal Hypothesis

Assessment of behavioural recovery following spinal cord injury in rats

Role of cortical reorganization on the effect of 5-HT pharmacotherapy for spinal cord injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Pattern Generators and Cortical Maps in Locomotion of Spinal Injured Rats^a