Pattern formation during early floral development

Vaddepalli, Prasad; Scholz, Sebastian; Schneitz, Kay

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2015.01.001

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…They migrate symplastically through plasmodesmata (PDs) -the cytoplasmic cell connections in plantsinto neighboring cells to coordinate developmental processes outside their mRNA expression domain (e.g., Han et al 2014;Vaddepalli et al 2015). Most likely, TF movement and noncell autonomous activity is spatiotemporally controlled by developmental changes of the PD number, opening state, and functional capacities (Burch-Smith et al 2011;Ehlers and Große Westerloh 2013).…”

Section: Symplasmic Transport Of Flower Developmental Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of the regulatory network may be even higher, as a large number of TFs interact in a small tissue zone and only a few of them have been investigated so far with respect to their PD transport capacities. Thus, the overall concept of the role of PD transport in floral organ development remains rudimentary and needs more attention, while enormous progress has been made in the past years in understanding the noncell autonomous control mechanisms regulating flower induction or floral meristem formation, maintenance, and termination (Han et al 2014;Holt et al 2014;Vaddepalli et al 2015).…”

Section: Transport Of Floral Homeotic Proteins During Floral Organ Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis flower development—of protein complexes, targets, and transport

Becker

Ehlers

2015

Protoplasma

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Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past 25 years or more of research on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ identity, patterning, and development. While collections of floral homeotic mutants of Antirrhinum majus laid the foundation already at the beginning of the previous century, it was the genetic analysis of these mutants in A. majus and Arabidopsis thaliana that led to the development of the ABC model of floral organ identity more than 20 years ago. This intuitive model kick-started research focused on the genetic mechanisms regulating flower development, using mainly A. thaliana as a model plant. In recent years, interactions among floral homeotic proteins have been elucidated, and their direct and indirect target genes are known to a large extent. Here, we provide an overview over the advances in understanding the molecular mechanism orchestrating A. thaliana flower development. We focus on floral homeotic protein complexes, their target genes, evidence for their transport in floral primordia, and how these new results advance our view on the processes downstream of floral organ identity, such as organ boundary formation or floral organ patterning.

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Section: Symplasmic Transport Of Flower Developmental Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transport Of Floral Homeotic Proteins During Floral Organ Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis flower development—of protein complexes, targets, and transport

Becker

Ehlers

2015

Protoplasma

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“…Whereas, genetic factors are the most important control combined with internal signals (also genetically controlled) and influenced by environmental interactions. During the reproductive phase, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces inflorescence meristem (IM) that quickly develops into floral meristems (FMs) that, in turn, produce floral primordia [6]. In Arabidopsis , more than 100 regulators had been characterized to involve in SAM growth and development [6–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the reproductive phase, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces inflorescence meristem (IM) that quickly develops into floral meristems (FMs) that, in turn, produce floral primordia [6]. In Arabidopsis , more than 100 regulators had been characterized to involve in SAM growth and development [6–10]. In addition, a complex regulatory network of hormones, transcription factors, enzymes, microRNA and other cellular components had been developed [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated analysis of QTL mapping and RNA sequencing provides further insights and promising candidates for pod number variation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAs the most important yield component in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), pod number is determined by a series of successive growth and development processes. Pod number shows extensive variation in rapeseed natural germplasm, which is valuable for genetic improvement. However, the genetic and especially the molecular mechanism for this kind of variation are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping and RNA sequencing, respectively, using the BnaZNRIL population and its two parental cultivars Zhongshuang11 and No.73290 which showed significant difference in pod number, primarily due to the difference in floral organ number.ResultA total of eight QTLs for pod number were identified using BnaZNRIL population with a high-density SNP linkage map, each was distributed on seven linkage groups and explained 5.8–11.9% of phenotypic variance. Then, they were integrated with those previously detected in BnaZNF2 population (deriving from same parents) and resulted in 15 consensus-QTLs. Of which, seven QTLs were identical to other studies, whereas the other eight should be novel.RNA sequencing of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at the formation stage of floral bud primordia identified 9135 genes that were differentially expressed between the two parents. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top two enriched groups were S-assimilation, providing an essential nutrient for the synthesis of diverse metabolites, and polyamine metabolism, serving as second messengers that play an essential role in flowering genes initiation. KEGG analysis showed that the top three overrepresented pathways were carbohydrate (707 genes), amino acid (390 genes) and lipid metabolisms (322 genes). In silico mapping showed that 647 DEGs were located within the confidence intervals of 15 consensus QTLs. Based on annotations of Arabidopsis homologs corresponding to DEGs, nine genes related to meristem growth and development were considered as promising candidates for six QTLs.ConclusionIn this study, we discovered the first repeatable major QTL for pod number in rapeseed. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed for SAM in rapeseed, which provides new insights into the determination of floral organ number. Furthermore, the integration of DEGs and QTLs identified promising candidates for further gene cloning and mechanism study.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3402-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Gibberellic signaling and the so-called autonomous induction of flowering also refer to the major signaling pathways that initiate flowering [4]. The structural and molecular genetic mechanisms of flower formation in response to floral transformation of the vegetative apical meristems of a stem have been studied [10][11][12][13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CHLOROPHYLL B AS A SOURCE OF SIGNALS STEERING PLANT DEVELOPMENT (review)

Tyutereva¹,

Dmitrieva²,

Voitsekhovskaja³

2017

S-h. biol.

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Crop yield strongly depends on time of the onset of flowering as well as of the initiation of senescence. These processes are under tight control of multiple gene complexes. Suboptimal environmental conditions, as well as mutations, may cause changes in the expression levels of these genes, which, in turn, can result in a delay of flowering and/or early senescence, and, ultimately, in a decrease of yield. Recently, crucial role in the regulation of plant development via retrograde signaling pathways has been revealed for chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll b is an obligate component of the photosynthetic apparatus of land plants, and the main regulator of the biosynthesis and degradation of photosynthetic antennae. It is becoming clear that the size and stability of photosynthetic antennae are not only important for photosynthesis but also represents a source of signaling beyond chloroplasts. The absence of chlorophyll b in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (ch1) and Hordeum vulgare (chlorina f2 3613) leads to a decrease in the growth rate, leaf size and biomass production. In addition, and independently of the downregulation of photosynthesis, the lack of chlorophyll b results in the delay of flowering and early onset of ontogenetic as well as induced senescence. This review addresses the role of chlorophyll b in energy balance, and discusses new data on the role of chlorophyll b in regulation of ontogenesis not related to photosynthesis. Mutants of economically important crops impaired in chlorophyll b biosynthesis represent promising models for physiological, biochemical and molecular studies of regulation of flowering and senescence, as the results can be directly applied to agricultural practice. Also, we review the novel data on the potential importance of plants with truncated photosynthetic antenna for increase in vegetative and grain biomass production. A decrease in chlorophyll b contents and the following down-regulation of antenna proteins were shown to influence the rate of electron transport within the photosystem II, as well as the rate of CO 2 assimilation relative to chlorophyll unit. Strikingly, these parameters in chlorina mutants are higher than in wild type plants by 15-20 %. Using plants with this type of photosynthetic apparatus can potentially bring about a considerable increase in yield. This suggestion has been recently supported by data on transgenic tobacco plants with truncated photosynthetic antenna (H. Kirst et al. 2017). At the same time, the consequences of the decrease in chlorophyll b levels for ontogenetic regulation and photoprotection typically negate the potential benefit of the acceleration of the limiting factor of photosynthesis, the photosystem II. This review discuss the possible ways to search for optimization of plant functions regulated by chlorophyll b, to provide new mechanisms of the increase in photosynthesis and crop production in agriculture.

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Pattern formation during early floral development

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Arabidopsis flower development—of protein complexes, targets, and transport

Arabidopsis flower development—of protein complexes, targets, and transport

An integrated analysis of QTL mapping and RNA sequencing provides further insights and promising candidates for pod number variation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

CHLOROPHYLL B AS A SOURCE OF SIGNALS STEERING PLANT DEVELOPMENT (review)

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