Pattern ERG of the cat

Ringo, James L.; Dijk, Boyd van; Spekreijse, H.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(84)90158-5

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These observations and the results of the present study (Fig. 1) support the view expressed also by others (Ringo et al 1984) that if the pattern-reversal ERG originates in the ganglion cells, most of it is probably due to phasic nonopponent cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Electrical responses of the human eye to changes in saturation of the stimulating light

Korth

Rix

1988

Doc Ophthalmol

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Previous studies on color vision using the electroretinogram or the evoked potential have concentrated only on brightness and hue but not on the saturation of color. In the present investigation patterns of alternate stripes of a highly saturated color and a totally desaturated color (= white) of equal brightness were presented in the pattern-reversal mode. It can be demonstrated that the reading obtained is in agreement with psychophysical saturation scale data of earlier investigators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Electrical responses of the human eye to changes in saturation of the stimulating light

Korth

Rix

1988

Doc Ophthalmol

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“…Sinusoidally modulated uniform-field stimuli, however, generate substantial responses both at the fundamental and at the second harmonic of the stimulus temporal frequency in cat, monkey and human (Spekreijse, Estevez & Van der Tweel, 1973;Riemslag, Ringo, Spekreijse & Verduyn Lunel, 1985;Hess et al 1986). This kind of observation led to the suggestion (Spekreijse et al 1973;Ringo, Van Dijk & Spekreijse, 1984) that these seemingly different kinds of ERG (pattern vs. uniform field, fundamental and second harmonic) might all have components which arise from the same generator; subsequent studies (Riemslag et al 1985) have provided evidence for an identity of at least the secondharmonic components of the pattern and uniform-field ERGs. proposed that the second-harmonic responses from uniformfield stimuli arose from the same generator as pattern responses, as in the scheme of Spekreijse et al (1973), but that uniform-field responses at the fundamental arose 156 CU'RRE\NT SOUTRCE DENkSITY A.NALYSIS OF PRIMATE ERG 157 from a different generator, as proposed by .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Baker¹,

Hess²,

Olsen³

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

117

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SUMMARY1. Wte have used the method of current source density analysis to locate the generators of harmonic electroretinogram (ERG) responses to contrast-modulated pattern and uniform-field stimuli in the primate retina.2. Sinusoidal steady-state analysis was used, with a stimulus temporal frequency of 8 Hz. Fundamental and second-harmonic response components were measured for the uniform-field response. The second harmonic of the average of contrast-reversal pattern responses obtained at a series of spatial phases was also determined in the same experiments. In addition, retinal tissue resistance was measured. All of these measurements were obtained at a series of equally spaced depths in the retina.3. Retinal resistivity was not observed to vary systematically with depth. In addition, any plausible undetected inhomogeneities of resistivity with depth were found to slightly affect the relative magnitudes of estimated current sources and sinks, but to have little effect on their localization.4. In a given penetration, the phase lag of each harmonic component was relatively constant with depth in most cases; however the magnitude of this phase lag sometimes varied in different penetrations. To compare data from different penetrations, the constant phase lag for each harmonic was estimated, and the response data phase-shifted so as to bring all data into a standard (cosine) phase.5. The resulting current source density analyses were found to be quite consistent in overall form for different penetrations and in different animals. These data were averaged to obtain a final estimate of the depth profiles for generators of different ERG components.6. The uniform-field fundamental response was found to have a predominant source-sink pair in the distal half of the retina (receptor layer to outer plexiform layer). The pattern (second-harmonic) response generators had a quite different depth profile, consisting mainly of a source-sink pair in the proximal 20% of the retina (encompassing the nerve fibre layer to the middle of the inner plexiform layer).

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“…Each animal was sedated and anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine (22 mg/kg IM) and xylazine (0.6 mg/kg/hr IM). This was preferred to barbiturate anaesthesia which caused depression of ventilation, a marked divergence of the eyes and cloudiness of the cornea [40]. Excessive salivation and pulmonary secretions were avoided by prior injection of atropine sulphate (0.04 mg/kg IM).…”

Section: Preparation Of Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animal was isolated from mains driven equipment by a phase-locked loop opto-isolator. An Apple II plus microcomputer which incorporated an 8 bit A/D converter and a Digisolve Vector Graphic board was used to collect the data in sweeps of 500 bins, each 1 msec duration, synchronized with instantaneous phase-reversal of the grating display at 1.67 Hz when the PERG in the cat is near-maximal [40]. At 1.67 Hz, the transient PVER is generated in which adaptation of components is minimal.…”

Section: Recording Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality of the pattern electroretinogram and pattern visual evoked cortical response in esotropic cats

1989

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In six 3-week-old kittens, the tendon of the lateral rectus muscle of one eye was sectioned under anaesthesia in order to induce an esotropic (nasally-directed) squint. At maturity, the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked response (PVER) were recorded under anaesthesia to phase-reversal at 1.67 Hz of a 0.5c/deg square wave grating pattern of 75% contrast. Refraction was determined by retinoscopy and confirmed by recording the PERG for different trial lenses. The amplitude and time-to-peak of the PERG and PVER were compared between operated and unoperated eyes, and with the responses of one normal and two sham-operated cats. With stimulation of the operated eye, the amplitude of the PVER was consistently reduced by 50% compared with the non-operated eye, confirming that the cats had become amblyopic as a result of the squint. While the appreciable inter-eye variations in the amplitude of the PERG of the normal and sham-operated cats precluded identification of a change in the esotropic cats, there was a consistent prolongation of the time-to-peak of the PERG by 50% with stimulation of the operated eye. This result is consistent with a retinal component to strabismic amblyopia.

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Pattern ERG of the cat

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Electrical responses of the human eye to changes in saturation of the stimulating light

Electrical responses of the human eye to changes in saturation of the stimulating light

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Abnormality of the pattern electroretinogram and pattern visual evoked cortical response in esotropic cats

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