Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions

Hawkins, Bradford A.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511721885

Cited by 342 publications

(405 citation statements)

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“…Shelter builders also were more vulnerable to parasitism, particularly by flies in the wet forest, FTS; a finding that supports previous work by Hawkins (1994) and Gentry & Dyer (2002). Why shelter builders are more susceptible to attack by flies may be due to their more sedentary lifestyle, which facilitates parasitism by flies whose strategy is deposition of planidial larvae and microtype eggs onto the host plant where they are then consumed by caterpillars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…shelter builders and external feeders) can strongly influence the risk of parasitism (Gentry & Dyer 2002, Hawkins 1994) though conflicting results have been reported. Studies from tropical rain forests suggest that shelter builders suffer higher parasitism, in particular by parasitoid flies, compared with external feeders (Gentry & Dyer 2002) yet the opposite trend was found in a seasonal Brazilian cerrado (Rodovalho et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caterpillar abundance and parasitism in a seasonally dry versus wet tropical forest of Panama

et al. 2010

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Abstract:Rainfall seasonality can strongly influence biotic interactions by affecting host plant quality, and thus potentially regulating herbivore exposure to natural enemies. Plant defences are predicted to increase from dry to wet forests, rendering wet-forest caterpillars more vulnerable to parasitoids due to the slow-growth-high-mortality hypothesis. We collected and reared caterpillars from the understorey and trail edges of a wet forest and a seasonally dry forest to determine whether wet-forest caterpillars suffered a higher prevalence of parasitism and were less abundant than dry-forest caterpillars. In the two forests, caterpillar abundances (on average 8 h −1 ) and prevalence of parasitism (18%) were very similar regardless of feeding niche for both parasitism (27% versus 29% in shelter builders, and 16% versus 11% in external feeders) and caterpillar abundances (shelter builders: 1.42 versus 2.39, and external feeders: 8.27 versus 5.49 caterpillars h −1 ) in the dry and wet forests, respectively. A similar comparative analysis conducted in the canopy and understorey of the dry forest revealed a higher prevalence of parasitism in the canopy (43%) despite caterpillar densities similar to those in the understorey. Overall, shelter builders suffered higher parasitism than external feeders (32% versus 14.9%), and were attacked primarily by flies, whereas external feeders were more vulnerable to attack by parasitoid wasps.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caterpillar abundance and parasitism in a seasonally dry versus wet tropical forest of Panama

et al. 2010

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“…The share of semi-concealed caterpillars in natural communities varies greatly between sites and tree species, but overall, semi-concealed caterpillars are at least as common as exposed ones (Table 1). Hawkins (1994) identified the degree of host concealment as a key parameter for parasitoid communities. Parasitism rate and parasitoid species richness increase with the degree of concealment from exposed feeders through leaf rollers, leaf tiers and case-bearers, reach maximum values in leaf miners and gallers, and then decrease again in even more concealed borers and root-feeders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

et al. 2013

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The processes maintaining the enormous diversity of herbivore-parasitoid food webs depend on parasitism rate and parasitoid host specificity. The two parameters have to be evaluated in concert to make conclusions about the importance of parasitoids as natural enemies and guide biological control. We document parasitism rate and host specificity in a highly diverse caterpillar-parasitoid food web encompassing 266 species of lepidopteran hosts and 172 species of hymenopteran or dipteran parasitoids from a lowland tropical forest in Papua New Guinea. We found that semi-concealed hosts (leaf rollers and leaf tiers) represented 84 % of all caterpillars, suffered a higher parasitism rate than exposed caterpillars (12 vs. 5 %) and their parasitoids were also more host specific. Semi-concealed hosts may therefore be generally more amenable to biological control by parasitoids than exposed ones. Parasitoid host specificity was highest in Braconidae, lower in Diptera: Tachinidae, and, unexpectedly, the lowest in Ichneumonidae. This result challenges the long-standing view of low host specificity in caterpillar-attacking Tachinidae and suggests higher suitability of Braconidae and lower suitability of Ichneumonidae for biological control of caterpillars. Semi-concealed hosts and their parasitoids are the largest, yet understudied component of caterpillar-parasitoid food webs. However, they still remain much closer in parasitism patterns to exposed hosts than to what literature reports on fully concealed leaf miners. Specifically, semi-concealed hosts keep an equally low share of idiobionts (2 %) as exposed caterpillars.

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“…Leaf miners are among the insects most heavily attacked by parasitoids (Askew and Shaw 1979;Hawkins 1994). Most of these parasitoids are polyphagous, attacking leaf miners belonging to various genera, families and orders (Askew 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species richness and abundance of native leaf miners are affected by the presence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner

et al. 2009

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The effect of the alien horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, on native fauna was studied by comparing the species richness of native leaf miner communities and the abundance of selected native leaf miner species in the presence and absence of horse-chestnut trees infested by C. ohridella, in various environments in Europe. The species richness of native leaf miner communities in Switzerland was lower at sites where C. ohridella was present than at control sites. In Switzerland, France and Bulgaria, several native leaf miner species were significantly less abundant in the vicinity of infested horse-chestnuts. The native species most affected by the presence of the invasive alien species were those occurring early in the year and sharing their parasitoid complex with C. ohridella. These results suggest apparent competition mediated by shared natural enemies because these are the only link between C. ohridella and native leaf miners using other food resources.

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Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions

Cited by 342 publications

References 0 publications

Caterpillar abundance and parasitism in a seasonally dry versus wet tropical forest of Panama

Caterpillar abundance and parasitism in a seasonally dry versus wet tropical forest of Panama

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

Species richness and abundance of native leaf miners are affected by the presence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner

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