Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth reinfection among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia

Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Surin, Johari; Atiya, A S; Ariffin, W A; Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.; Abdullah, Hasniza

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.05.022

Cited by 81 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…44 Numerous cross-sectional studies have confirmed an association between poor nutritional status and intestinal helminth infections, [45][46][47][48] and recent studies suggest that malnutrition increases susceptibility to helminth infection and re-infection. [49][50][51] Our data are also supported by animal studies showing that protein supplementation confers protection against nematode infections. 52-54 Thus, the finding in KNM of lower rates of hookworm among children who consume higher amounts of animal source foods provides further evidence that nutritional status may affect susceptibility to hookworm infection in this population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Humphries¹,

Simms²,

Davey³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Children (n = 812) 6-11 years of age attending 16 schools in the Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana were screened for participation in a study on hookworm infection, nutrition, and response to albendazole. The prevalence of Necator americanus hookworm infection (n = 286) was 39.1%, and significant predictors of infection included age, malaria parasitemia, lack of health care, school area, levels of antibodies against hookworm, and low consumption of animal foods. The cure rate after a single dose (400 mg) albendazole was 43%, and the mean fecal egg count reduction rate was 87.3%. Data for an in vitro egg hatch assay showed a trend toward reduced albendazole susceptibility in post-treatment hookworm isolates (P = 0.06). In summary, hookworm infection is prevalent among school age children in the Kintampo North Municipality and animal food intake inversely correlates with infection status. Modest cure rates and fecal egg count reduction rates reinforce the need for further investigation of potential benzimidazole resistance in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Humphries¹,

Simms²,

Davey³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…This unchanged trend was found to be closely associated with contaminated environment and poor personal hygiene practices. Moreover, the re-infection rate of IPI after effective treatment was found to be very high and this reveals continuous exposure to the sources of infections in these communities [46], [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Intestinal Polyparasitism among Orang Asli School Children in Rural Malaysia

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the current prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism (the concurrent infection with multiple intestinal parasite species) among Orang Asli school children in the Lipis district of Pahang state, Malaysia.Methods/Principal findingsFecal samples were collected from 498 school children (50.6% boys and 49.4% girls), and examined by using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation, trichrome stain, modified Ziehl Neelsen stain, Kato-Katz, and Harada Mori techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and personal hygiene information were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Overall, 98.4% of the children were found to be infected by at least one parasite species. Of these, 71.4% had polyparasitism. The overall prevalence of Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. infections were 95.6%, 47.8%, 28.3%, 28.3%, 14.1% and 5.2%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that using an unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water, presence of other family members infected with intestinal parasitic infections (IPI), not washing vegetables before consumption, absence of a toilet in the house, not wearing shoes when outside, not cutting nails periodically, and not washing hands before eating were significant risk factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism among these children.Conclusions/SignificanceIntestinal polyparasitism is highly prevalent among children in the peninsular Malaysian Aboriginal communities. Hence, effective and sustainable control measures, including school-based periodic chemotherapy, providing adequate health education focused on good personal hygiene practices and proper sanitation, as well as safe drinking water supply should be implemented to reduce the prevalence and consequences of these infections in this population.

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“…Hagel and others 72 in Venezuela found that children aged 6-11 years with lower height for age z score (HAZ) and weight for age z score (WAZ) scores had significantly higher risks of reinfection with Ascaris 8 months after completing treatment . Similarly, rural schoolchildren in Malaysia who were stunted had significantly higher rates of reinfection with STNs, 73 and a study in Brazil found a significantly higher rate of reinfection in undernourished children (38%) than in those who were well-nourished (25%). 59 Ultimately, a greater understanding of the influence of nutritional status on susceptibility to helminth infections could inform future strategies aimed at integrating dietary supplementation with deworming programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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Abstract.A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11-20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.

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Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth reinfection among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Epidemiology of Intestinal Polyparasitism among Orang Asli School Children in Rural Malaysia

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

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