Pattern and frequency reconfiguration of patch antenna using PIN diodes

Abstract

In this article, an antenna with two patch elements is pattern and frequency reconfigured. One feed line is used to excite the two patch elements placed at any angle with respect to each other. The maximum rotation of each patch antenna element incorporated is 458. For the impedance matching with 50 X, both elements are fed from the corner. The radiating elements are fed simultaneously using one feed line with the help of PIN diodes. When patch 1 is excited by biasing PIN diode 1, a broad side radiation pattern in the yz plane of the patch 1 is observed. Therefore, for the rotation angle by 7.58 the pattern rotation is about 58 Similarly, biasing PIN diode 2, resulted excitation of Patch 2. It is observed that pattern reconfiguration of 308 can be achieved by biasing PIN diode 1, whereas, up to 2308 pattern reconfiguration can be achieved by exciting PIN diode 2, without compromising on the gain of the radiating elements. On the other hand, to achieve the frequency reconfiguration, two small radiating patches are added at 0.7 mm gap with the large radiating elements. PIN diodes are used between the small and large radiating elements. When diodes on the antenna elements are

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