Pattern and correlates of tobacco smoking among mentally ill male patients in El-Mamoura Psychiatric Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Despite widespread concern in public health regarding the increasing prevalence and burden of smoking and mental disorders, little is known about the double burden of these problems in Arab countries. Aim: To describe pattern and identify determinants of smoking among mentally ill male patients in El

Smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress in Egyptian adults: A cross-sectional study

“…[ 32 ] In an Egyptian study, the most common motives for smoking were habit (40.8%), sense of loneliness (31.1%), overcoming anxiety (28.6%), life stresses (28.2%), pressure from family and friends (12.7%), overcoming negative feelings (6.8%), and oppositional behavior (4.9%). [ 23 ] Similarly, stress, pleasure, peer and social pressure were the most common reasons for starting to smoke as revealed in an Iranian study. [ 33 ] Four basic motivational features of smokers' actions were in a Belgium paper: Smoking to increase a pleasant/positive effect, smoking to minimize a negative effect, smoking as a habit or with no attempt to mitigate/increase any effect, or smoking due to addiction.…”

“…In contrast to our findings, a study in El Mansoura reported high nicotine dependence in 58.2% of the study group, but moderate and low nicotine-dependent participants were 17.5% and 24.3% respectively. [ 23 ]…”

“…[ 24 ] In El Mansoura, most participants were current smokers (68.7%), while 18.7% of them were ex-smokers. [ 23 ]…”