Patrones locales de alimentación del león marino sudamericano &lt;i&gt;Otaria byronia&lt;/i&gt;: el caso de Punta Patache, Norte de Chile

Sielfeld, Walter; Barraza, Jorge; Amado, Nelson

doi:10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.3.1356

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The SASL diet is composed mainly of fish, and to a lesser extent of mollusks and crustaceans (Vaz-Ferreira 1982). There have been only two studies of the sea lion diet in northern Chile using stomach and scat analyses (Sielfeld et al 1997(Sielfeld et al , 2018. With stomach content analysis, Sielfeld et al (1997) determined that the diet of sea lions around Arica (18°34 0 S) was dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens), followed to a lesser extent by Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi), cabinza grunt (Isacia conceptionis) and paloma pompano (Trachinotus paitensis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With stomach content analysis, Sielfeld et al (1997) determined that the diet of sea lions around Arica (18°34 0 S) was dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens), followed to a lesser extent by Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi), cabinza grunt (Isacia conceptionis) and paloma pompano (Trachinotus paitensis). However, by means of scat analysis, Sielfeld et al (2018) determined that during two periods of El Niño (1997-1998 and 2009-2010), the sea lion diet south of Iquique (20°48 0 S) was dominated by squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon), followed by anchovy and Patagonian squid. These changes in diet are associated with temporal and spatial variations in the availability and abundance of prey caused by climatic phenomena such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; Soto et al 2004Soto et al , 2006Sielfeld et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, by means of scat analysis, Sielfeld et al (2018) determined that during two periods of El Niño (1997-1998 and 2009-2010), the sea lion diet south of Iquique (20°48 0 S) was dominated by squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon), followed by anchovy and Patagonian squid. These changes in diet are associated with temporal and spatial variations in the availability and abundance of prey caused by climatic phenomena such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; Soto et al 2004Soto et al , 2006Sielfeld et al 2018). Due to its ability to respond to environmental changes, this species has been classified as an opportunistic and generalist predator (Koen-Alonso et al 2000;Cappozzo & Perrin 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its ability to respond to environmental changes, this species has been classified as an opportunistic and generalist predator (Koen-Alonso et al 2000;Cappozzo & Perrin 2009). However, it is important to note that the two studies of Sielfeld et al (1997Sielfeld et al ( , 2018 were separated by 20 years and under the influence of El Niño events. Thus, the temporal and spatial variations in the SASL dietary composition reported by these authors may be due to long-term environmental changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet composition of an opportunistic predator from an upwelling area in the Southeastern Pacific

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to use scat analysis to analyse the dietary composition of the South American sea lion (SASL, Otaria byronia) over a short temporal scale and in different but closely located colonies in the Humboldt Current System of northern Chile. Scat samples were collected at Arica (18°34 0 S), Iquique (20°48 0 S) and Mejillones (23°04 0 S) during the summer (January to March) and winter (July) of 2015. A total of 16 595 individual prey items from nine species were found in 194 of the 215 scat samples. In general, squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon) was the most important prey item for the sea lion diet, both by number and according to the index of relative importance (%IRI), followed by anchovy (Engraulis ringens), which was the most frequent prey item in the scats and the most important by weight. Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi) ranked third in importance in the sea lion diet. However, some spatiotemporal variations in the consumption of prey were found. Squat lobster was the most important prey for sea lions in Arica and Iquique, while anchovy was the dominant prey in Mejillones. Regarding seasonal variation, squat lobster was more important in winter than in summer in the three localities, while anchovy was also more important during winter, except in Mejillones where the levels of consumption of this prey were similar in both seasons. These results show that SASL adjust their dietary preferences, modifying the contribution of different prey both spatially and temporally. Spatiotemporal variations in the SASL diet can be explained by temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of their prey.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet composition of an opportunistic predator from an upwelling area in the Southeastern Pacific

et al. 2020

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“…This ω3 fatty acid is a good dietary indicator, which suggests that sea lions from the northern region are feeding on prey rich in DHA, although with great individual variability. Stomach and scat content studies in northern Chile have indicated that the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi, the anchovy Engraulis ringens and the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon are the main prey species 54,69 . This coincides with the abundance of DHA in the blubber of sea lions, as cephalopods, crustaceans and fish are rich in DHA, with cephalopods having the highest proportions of DHA within the marine environment 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behaviour of the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber fatty acid analysis

Guerrero

Pavez

Santos‐Carvallo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fatty acids have been widely used as trophic biomarkers in marine mammals. However, for the South American sea lion, the most abundant otariid in the eastern South Pacific, there is no information about blubber fatty acids and their link to diet. Here, we compare fatty acid profiles of sea lions from two distinct oceanographic regions in northern and southern chile. their fatty acids vary greatly between regions, suggesting dietary differences at a spatial scale. The fatty acid C22:6ω3 was more abundant in sea lions from the northern region, likely associated with consumption of anchovy, cephalopods, and crustaceans, which are rich in that fatty acid, and have been reported as their main prey items. Sea lions from the southern region were richer in C22:1 and C20:1, characteristic of teleost fish, suggesting a piscivorous diet. Males displayed a more diverse fatty acid composition than females, suggesting a wider trophic niche. few individual sea lions within the southern region had unusually high levels of C18:2ω6, commonly found in terrestrial environments. This suggests consumption of farmed salmon, whose diet is usually based on terrestrial sources. this demonstrates how human intervention is being reflected in the tissues of a top predator in a natural environment. Deciphering trophic interactions of top predators is important to understand the structure and functioning of whole ecosystems. The South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) is a top predator with a wide distribution range along the eastern Pacific as well as the western Atlantic coasts of South America 1,2. They are an abundant species, with population estimates of up to 250,000 individuals, and some populations increasing steadily 1,3. South American sea lions are considered to be opportunistic predators, therefore, their diet is expected to vary in space and time depending on food availability 4. In fact, decreases in their population in some areas have been linked to declines in the availability of certain prey species 5. Unsurprisingly Muñoz et al. 4 reported a great variation in diet composition between northern and southern populations of South American sea lions in Chile. Similarly, Sepúlveda et al. 6 demonstrated temporal differences in their diet composition in a population from southern Chile. Most of our knowledge on the trophic ecology of South American sea lions relies on traditional methods such as stomach and scat content analyses 7,8 , or on observations of feeding events, which are relatively rare and limited in aquatic environments 9-11. Through these methods, a broad-spectrum diet has been described 12,13. These methods provide valuable information about recently consumed diets but are not ideal to determine long-term dietary trends, since this would require of repeated sampling throughout long time periods 14,15. Furthermore, identifying inter-individual variation in diet preferences is very challenging due to, for example, the difficulty of assigning scats to particular individuals in crowded rookeries 16 .

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When Physiology and Ecology Meet: The Interdependency Between Foraging Ecology and Reproduction in Otariids

Costa

Valenzuela‐Toro

2021

Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals

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Patrones locales de alimentación del león marino sudamericano <i>Otaria byronia</i>: el caso de Punta Patache, Norte de Chile

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Diet composition of an opportunistic predator from an upwelling area in the Southeastern Pacific

Diet composition of an opportunistic predator from an upwelling area in the Southeastern Pacific

Foraging behaviour of the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber fatty acid analysis

When Physiology and Ecology Meet: The Interdependency Between Foraging Ecology and Reproduction in Otariids

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