Patrones de crecimiento de Cinchona officinalis in vitro y ex vitro; respuestas de plántulas micropropagadas y de semillas.

Abstract

RESUMEN.-El uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como la micropropagación se constituye en una alternativa de reproducción de especies amenazadas y con tamaños poblacionales reducidos. Sin embargo, uno de los problemas críticos en el uso de la micropropagación como herramienta de reproducción es la calidad de las plántulas resultantes en cuanto a su crecimiento y vigor. En el presente trabajo se evalua los efectos de la micropropagación sobre los patrones de crecimiento y sobrevivencia de plán-tulas in vitro de Cinchona officinalis L., una especie que ha sido fuertemente impactada por procesos de tala dentro de bosques naturales durante la época de la colonia. Se realizó un monitoreo de un total de 120 plántulas in vitro y 1988 plántulas ex vitro por 8 meses a partir del último repique. Adicionalmente, en cada plántula se contabilizó la cantidad de brotes axilares. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un efecto remanente de los procesos de micropropagación, los cuales inicialmente inciden en la cantidad de brotes de las plántulas y en el crecimiento; sin embargo, este efecto no influye de forma negativa en la sobrevivencia de las plántulas durante la fase ex vitro. PALABRAS CLAVES: conservación, cultivo in vitro, efectos micropropagación, especies forestales, sobrevivencia de plántulas ABSTRACT.-The use of biotechnological tools such as micropropagation constitutes an alternative to reproduction of endangered species and with small population sizes. However, one of the critical issues in the use of micropropagation as a reproduction tool is the quality of seedlings with regard to growth and vigor. In this paper we evaluated the effects of micropropagation on patterns of growth and survival of in vitro seedlings of Cinchona officinalis L. This species has been heavily impacted by logging processes in natural forests during colonial times because of their medical use. We monitored during 8 months after the last peal a total of 120 in vitro and 1988 ex vitro seedlings. Additionally, we measured in each seedling the number of axillary buds. The results showed that there is a residual effect of micropropagation process, which initially affects the number of shoots of seedlings and growth. However, this effect had a negative influence on seedling survival during ex vitro phase.

The complete chloroplast genome of the national tree of Peru, quina (Cinchona officinalis L., Rubiaceae)

“…Currently, quina tree is threatened by urban growth, farming, selective logging and massive deforestation. This tree has high capacity of regrowth in natural conditions, but only a low percentage of regeneration has been documented, suggesting low genetic diversity (Espinosa and Ríos 2017 ). To date, even though NGS techniques are widely used to decipher genomes, little is known about Peruvian quina tree genome characterization.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis of Representative Medicinal Trees in South America—Current Status

“…Most of the Cinchona species are threatened by various anthropogenic activities [74]. Some studies show that the germination and regeneration capacity under natural conditions is reduced or deficient, occurring only under certain conditions such as association or growth with other types of species [75]. An in vitro protocol [76] was developed starting from caulinar apices and nodal segments from in-vitro-germinated seedlings on MS media, supplemented with vitamins and plant growth factors such as NAA (0.2 mg/L), BAP (0.2 and 2.0 mg/L), and kinetin (0.2 and 2.0 mg/L).…”