As society has evolved and educational reform has become more profound, the psychological state and academic performance of vocational college students have become the focus of attention for educators. This study aims to construct a correlation model between the positive psychological state and academic performance of vocational college students based on data mining algorithms to offer a conceptual foundation and practical guidance for the optimization of vocational education. The relationship between positive psychological state and academic performance was analyzed through a literature review, as well as the application of data mining algorithms in the field of education. A certain amount of data on vocational college students was collected using questionnaire surveys and empirical research methods, including their basic information, positive psychological status indicators, and academic performance data. Subsequently, data mining algorithms were used to preprocess and analyze the collected data, and a correlation model between the positive psychological state and academic performance of vocational college students was constructed. Finally, through validation and evaluation of the model, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation between positive psychological state and academic performance, and the model has high predictive accuracy. The study's results suggest that the positive psychological state of vocational college students has a significant impact on their academic performance. Educators should consider students' mental health and take effective measures to enhance their positive psychological state, thereby improving their academic performance. This study provides a new research perspective and method for the field of vocational education, which helps to promote the development and reform of vocational education.