Patología pulmonar asociada al consumo de marihuana

Chatkin, José Miguel; Zabert, Gustavo; Zabert, Ignacio; Chatkin, Gustavo; Jiménez-Ruíz, Carlos A.; Granda‐Orive, José Ignacio de; Buljubasich, Daniel; Reina, Segismundo Solano; Figueiredo, Américo; Ravara, Sofía Belo; Miranda, Juan Antonio Riesco; Gratziou, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2017.03.019

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…Cannabis is one of the most globally prevalent psychoactive substances (1), with the onset of use usually in midadolescence (2,3). Cannabis use has been linked to many short-and long-term adverse effects (4) including motor vehicle accidents (5), respiratory diseases (6), higher risk for acute myocardial infarction among people aged 15-22 (7), and cannabis use disorder (4,8). In addition, youth who use cannabis are at increased risk for adverse mental health and cognitive outcomes, including development and exacerbation of early-onset psychosis (9), depression and anxiety (10), suicidal ideations and suicide attempts (11), alteration of brain development and structure (12, 13) lower educational attainment (14,15), lower cognitive function, and decreased motivation (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cannabis legalization for recreational purposes on youth: A narrative review of the Canadian experience

et al. 2022

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Cannabis legalization for non-medical purposes (subsequently referred to as “cannabis legalization” or “legalization”) took place in Canada in October 2018. One of the federal government's stated goals with cannabis legalization was to protect Canadian youth from cannabis-related harms. The main objective of this narrative review is to describe the impact of cannabis legalization on Canadian youth. To that end, we discuss the regulation of the Canadian cannabis market, outline changes in the epidemiology and parameters of cannabis use (modes of use, potency of cannabis) among youth, and discuss prevention and education initiatives related to cannabis. The Canadian model differs from other jurisdictions that legalized recreational cannabis use, especially with regard to a higher degree of government regulation of the cannabis market. Another difference is the development and endorsement of lower-risk cannabis use guidelines to educate the public and health professionals. The results available for this review cover only 3 years post-legalization. Cannabis legalization in Canada brought an apparent increase in use among Canadian older than 25. However, results for youth are mixed, with the majority of studies showing no pronounced increase. Notably, the trend of a decrease in adolescents' cannabis use seen pre-legalization may have reversed. Emerging evidence also suggests that cannabis-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits among Canadian youth may have increased due to cannabis legalization. Data about changes in the age of initiation, the influence of legalization on sex and gender, and race/ethnicity are limited, with evidence suggesting that the age of initiation slightly increased. So far, there is limited data about the impact of cannabis legalization on Canadian youth. Further long-term monitoring and research to assess the effects of cannabis legalization on Canadian youth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cannabis legalization for recreational purposes on youth: A narrative review of the Canadian experience

et al. 2022

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The influence of cannabis smoke and cannabis vapour on simulated lung surfactant function under physiologically relevant conditions

Davies

Birkett

Bolton

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Funding information LJMUThe use of cannabis for medicinal/recreational purposes is widespread throughout the world. Smoke inhalation is known to cause airway irritation due to noxious substances (ie, benzene) within the mix. Thus, advanced vaporisation platforms (eg, Davinci IQ) have been developed to circumvent negative health implications. Here, we consider the impact that cannabis smoke and cannabis vapour have on simulated lung surfactant performance within a model pulmonary space (ie, 37°C, elevated humidity and related fluid hydrodynamics). In total, 50 mg of herbal material was ignited or placed within a Davinci IQ vaporiser with subsequent activation. The aliquots were collected and then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for composition and cannabinoid (eg, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC]) concentration. The average content within cannabis smoke was 2.84% (0.07%, SD) Δ9-THC, with the same for cannabis vapour being 0.88% (0.14%, SD). Aerosolised samples were transferred to the lung biosimulator. When compared with the pristine Curosurf system, challenge with cannabis smoke and cannabis vapour reduced the surface pressure term by 26% and 7% and increased film compressibility by 60% and 15% at 80% trough area, respectively. The net effect would be enhanced film elasticity and an increased work of breathing, being more pronounced on cannabis smoke inhalation. The trends noted were ascribed to two factors operating synergistically, namely the amount of Δ9-THC (plus others) within the aerosolised samples and the associated toxicity profile.Further research is required to establish mass-balance effects (ie, titrated outputs) along with detailed chemical profiling of material generated from the unrelated cannabis activation pathways.

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Differential inflammatory profile in the lungs of mice exposed to cannabis smoke with varying THC:CBD ratio

et al. 2023

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Cannabis contains cannabinoids including Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC causes the psychoactive effects of cannabis, and both THC and CBD are thought to be anti-inflammatory. Cannabis is typically consumed by inhaling smoke that contains thousands of combustion products that may damage the lungs. However, the relationship between cannabis smoke exposure and alterations in respiratory health is poorly defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we first developed a mouse model of cannabis smoke exposure using a nose-only rodent inhalation exposure system. We then tested the acute effects of two dried cannabis products that differ substantially in their THC–CBD ratio: Indica-THC dominant (I-THC; 16–22% THC) and Sativa-CBD dominant (S-CBD; 13–19% CBD). We demonstrate that this smoke exposure regime not only delivers physiologically relevant levels of THC to the bloodstream, but that acute inhalation of cannabis smoke modulates the pulmonary immune response. Cannabis smoke decreased the percentage of lung alveolar macrophages but increased lung interstitial macrophages (IMs). There was also a decrease in lung dendritic cells as well as Ly6C intermediate and Ly6C low monocytes, but an increase in lung neutrophils and CD8 + T cells. These immune cell changes were paralleled with changes in several immune mediators. These immunological modifications were more pronounced when mice were exposed to S-CBD compared to the I-THC variety. Thus, we show that acute cannabis smoke differentially affects lung immunity based on the THC:CBD ratio, thereby providing a foundation to further explore the effect of chronic cannabis smoke exposures on pulmonary health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00204-023-03514-3.

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Patología pulmonar asociada al consumo de marihuana

Cited by 12 publications

References 69 publications

The impact of cannabis legalization for recreational purposes on youth: A narrative review of the Canadian experience

The impact of cannabis legalization for recreational purposes on youth: A narrative review of the Canadian experience

The influence of cannabis smoke and cannabis vapour on simulated lung surfactant function under physiologically relevant conditions

Differential inflammatory profile in the lungs of mice exposed to cannabis smoke with varying THC:CBD ratio

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